RAPID/Collaborative Research: Subsurface Characterization of Liquefaction Case Histories from the 2023 Kahramanmaras Earthquake Sequence

这个快速反应研究（RAPID）奖的赠款将提供有关地震期间建筑和地面性能的有据可查的案例历史。美国近30年来没有经历过大规模破坏性地震。然而，通过了解具有类似地震风险和基础设施的国家（如土耳其）的地震破坏情况，可以取得进展。2023年土耳其卡赫拉曼马拉斯地震序列提供了一个独特的机会来评估地震震动对不同地质环境中各种基础设施的影响，这些地质环境受到各种震动强度的影响。地震后的观测使近断层地震动的影响，地震引起的基础设施损坏，以及粉土和粘土的循环行为的研究。对关键地点的地面进行表征，可以形成直接适用于美国城市（如旧金山弗朗西斯科、西雅图和孟菲斯）的见解。这项工作将与土耳其研究人员合作进行，以尽可能多地从这些地震中学习。该项目的目标是通过提高考虑地震影响的民用基础设施的弹性，可持续性和可承受性来造福社会。该奖项将通过支持一名高级研究员与来自美国四个机构的三名早期职业研究人员的互动，以及一名研究生的导师，帮助培养下一代美国地震工程领导人。该项目的重点是获取关键地点的地下数据，这对于编写地震期间建筑物和地面性能的有据可查的案例历史至关重要。地下信息将主要通过地震压锥贯入试验收集，以确定地面状况，包括剪切波速度，并探测关键土层。此外，将进行勘探性土壤钻孔，以获得土壤指数测试的样本。本项目中收集的地下数据将提供重要信息，以显著扩大断层-基础设施相互作用的综合案例历史的数量，重点关注（1）近断层区域受地面震动和地面破坏影响的基础设施，（2）断层引起的建筑物损坏，以及（3）粉土和粘土的液化。这三个主题代表了地震工程领域的知识差距，由于缺乏案例的历史。此外，地下数据将有助于评估伊斯肯德伦频繁的沿海洪水，从而提供有关气候变化和地震多重灾害的见解，据推测，这是由于地壳运动引起的地面运动。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

This Grants for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) award will provide well-documented case histories on building and ground performance during earthquakes. The US has not experienced a large, widely-damaging earthquake for nearly 30 years. However, advancements can be made by understanding earthquake damage in countries with similar seismic risks and infrastructure, such as Turkey. The 2023 Kahramanmaras, Turkey earthquake sequence provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of earthquake shaking on diverse infrastructure in varied geologic environments subjected to a wide range of shaking intensities. The post-earthquake observations enable the study of the effects of near-fault ground motions, liquefaction-induced infrastructure damage, and the cyclic behavior of silt and clay soils. Characterization of the ground at key sites allows to develop insights that are directly applicable to US cities such as San Francisco, Seattle, and Memphis. The work will proceed collaboratively with Turkish researchers to learn as much as possible from these earthquakes. The goal of the project is to benefit society through increased resiliency, sustainability, and affordability of civil infrastructure considering seismic impacts. The award will help train the next generation of US earthquake engineering leaders by supporting the interaction of a senior researcher with three early-career researchers from four institutions across the US, as well as the mentorship of a graduate student. This project focuses on obtaining subsurface data at key sites, which is essential to developing well-documented case histories of building and ground performance during earthquakes. The subsurface information will be collected primarily through seismic piezocone penetration tests to characterize the ground conditions, including shear wave velocity, and to detect critical soil layers. Additionally, exploratory soil borings will be performed to obtain samples for soil index testing. The subsurface data collected in this project will provide critical information to significantly expand the number of comprehensive case histories of liquefaction-infrastructure interactions, focusing on (1) infrastructure affected by ground shaking and ground failure in the near-fault region, (2) liquefaction-induced building damage, and (3) liquefaction of silts and clays. These three topics represent areas of earthquake engineering with knowledge gaps due to a dearth of case histories. Additionally, the subsurface data will provide insights regarding climate change and earthquake multi-hazards by contributing to evaluations of the frequent coastal flooding of Iskenderun, presumably due to liquefaction-induced ground movements.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.