CAREER: Non-Equilibrium Coherent Many-Body Dynamics with Cold Atoms

在这个项目中，正在探索冷原子和分子系统中的非平衡动力学，这是由这些系统的独特性质所激发的。目标是（i）更好地理解强相互作用系统中的非平衡动力学，以及（ii）使用非平衡动力学作为表征量子模拟器可用于探索物理学的基准，超越经典模拟的可能性。在该项目的第一部分，我们正在研究（a）传输动力学的范例，包括通过将系统耦合到储层气体或腔模式来设计和测量电流，以及在系统中设计的激发的纯相干传播;和（B）偶极相互作用存在下的动力学，如由极性分子的最近实验发展所激发的，包括相变过程的时间依赖性和激发的热化。在每种情况下，动态bein探索使用分析技术和数值方法，包括时间相关的密度矩阵重整化组方法的一维系统的组合。扩展这些方法的治疗动态与远程相互作用也将进行调查。在项目的第二部分，我们探索在实验中测量纠缠熵的可能性，并使用这些测量来更深入地了解这些系统中的多体动力学。了解微观多粒子系统的非平衡动力学对于描述自然界中发生的非常基本的现象至关重要，包括粒子气体如何达到热平衡，以及在量子输运过程中固体中移动的传导电子的行为。最近在原子和分子的超冷气体的实验中的发展使得在高度可控的系统中探索这种非平衡动力学成为可能，这种非平衡动力学可以通过激光场中的熟知过程来操纵和测量。在该项目的研究部分，我们研究了这些系统的独特性质，这些系统现在可以在实验室中使用，可以用来深入了解非平衡动力学的基本方面，包括运输过程和热化。我们将通过我们的计算来更深入地了解这些过程，并为在未来潜在的实验中探索这些现象制定路线图。我们还将研究在这些实验中测量量子力学纠缠的方法，这些方法既可以用来进一步了解动力学，也可以用来证明量子力学实验实现的动力学超出了用最先进的数值方法可计算的范围。本项目的教育部分也将加强支持工作的更广泛影响，我们将举办一系列研讨会，根据当前技术的说明性示例以及本项目的研究，向高中教师解释量子力学的基本概念。与教师，我们将探索的可能性，并开发工具，在现代物理研究的基本概念，以高中学生沟通。

In this project, non-equilibrium dynamics in systems of cold atoms and molecules is being explored, as motivated by the unique properties of those systems. The goals are (i) to obtain a better understanding of non-equilibrium dynamics in strongly interacting systems, and (ii) to use non-equilibrium dynamics as a benchmark for characterizing where quantum simulators can be used to explore physics beyond what is possible with classical simulations. In the first part of the project we are studying (a) paradigms of transport dynamics, including the engineering and measurement of currents by coupling the system to a reservoir gas or a cavity mode, as well as purely coherent propagation of excitations engineered in the system; and (b) dynamics in the presence of dipolar interactions, as motivated by recent experimental developments with polar molecules, including the time-dependence of phase transition processes and thermalization of excitations. In each case, the dynamics are bein explored using a combination of analytical techniques and numerical methods, including time-dependent Density Matrix Renormalisation Group methods for 1D systems. Extensions of these methods to the treatment of dynamics with long range interactions will also be investigated. In the second part of the project, we explore possibilities to measure entanglement entropies in experiments, and use these measurements to gain a deeper understanding of many-body dynamics in these systems.Understanding the non-equilibrium dynamics of microscopic many-particle systems is crucial to the description of very fundamental phenomena occurring in nature, including how a gas of particles reaches thermal equilibrium, and how moving conduction electrons in solids behave in quantum transport processes. Recent developments in experiments with ultracold gases of atoms and molecules have made it possible to explore such non-equilibrium dynamics in highly controllable systems, which can be manipulated and measured by well-understood processes in laser fields. In the research part of this project, we investigate how the unique properties of these systems, which are now available in the laboratory can be used to gain insight into fundamental aspects of non-equilibrium dynamics, including transport processes and thermalization. We will look to gain a deeper understanding of these process through our calculations, and to set a roadmap for the exploration of these phenomena in potential future experiments. We will also investigate means to measure the quantum mechanical entanglement in these experiments, which could be used both to gain further insight into the dynamics, and to demonstrate regimes where a quantum mechanical experiment realizes dynamics that go beyond what is computable with state-of-the-art numerical methods. The broader impacts of the supported work will also be enhanced by the education part of this project, where we will run a series of workshops in which basic concepts in quantum mechanics are explained to high-school teachers based on illustrative examples from current technologies, as well as from the research in this project. With the teachers we will explore possibilities and develop tools to communicate basic concepts in modern physics research to high school students.