CAREER: Assessing urban influences on ecosystem processes

职业：评估城市对生态系统过程的影响

• 批准号: 1149471
• 负责人: Lucy Hutyra
• 金额: $ 54.36万
• 依托单位: Trustees of Boston University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-02-01 至 2019-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1149471&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Assessing; urban; influences; ecosystem

Urban areas emit the vast majority of anthropogenic CO2, but most efforts to study terrestrial and atmospheric carbon dynamics avoid areas influenced by urbanization. Urban areas are growing in spatial extent and the ecology of cities is becoming ever more germane to people?s lives and the development of carbon mitigation strategies. This research will improve understanding of how urbanization affects ecosystem characteristics and productivity across the Boston urban-to-rural gradient, and develop a framework for analysis of urban impacts on ecosystems, by (1) quantifying how ecosystem productivity changes across an urban-to-rural gradient and developing a clear empirical foundation for productivity estimation; (2) mapping historical and current patterns of land-cover change to determine trajectories of development and the carbon consequences of increasing urban lands; and (3) developing new methods to scale the results of this work from the plot and pixel level to the entire region.This research addresses the pressing need for science to inform the development of policies that enhance core ecosystem services (e.g., air and water purification, carbon and nitrogen sequestration, food and energy production) while supporting a growing and increasingly urban human population. This work includes the development of a new science education curriculum, collaborations with the City of Boston, and will support undergraduate and graduate student research.

城市地区排放了绝大多数人为的二氧化碳，但研究陆地和大气碳动态的大多数努力都避开了受城市化影响的地区。城市的空间范围越来越大，城市生态与人们的关系越来越密切。美国人的生命和碳减排战略的发展。本研究将提高对城市化如何影响波士顿城乡梯度生态系统特征和生产力的理解，并通过以下方式建立城市对生态系统影响的分析框架：(1)量化生态系统生产力在城乡梯度上的变化，为生产力估算提供明确的实证基础；(2)绘制历史和当前土地覆盖变化格局，以确定城市土地增加的发展轨迹和碳后果；(3)开发新的方法，将本工作的结果从样地和像元级别扩展到整个区域。本研究解决了科学为政策制定提供信息的迫切需求，这些政策既能增强核心生态系统服务（例如，空气和水净化、碳和氮封存、粮食和能源生产），又能支持不断增长和日益增加的城市人口。这项工作包括开发新的科学教育课程，与波士顿市合作，并将支持本科生和研究生的研究。