Nuclear Properties and Interactions from Lattice QCD

原子核是强相互作用的基本理论量子色动力学（QCD）所揭示的最复杂的系统之一，定量地理解它们的出现具有重要意义。 这个目标现在才开始在实践中实现，使用格点QCD和有效场论方法。 拟议项目的重点是获得基本核相互作用和性质的物理预测，并有系统地说明主要由外推到物理夸克质量和连续极限引起的受控不确定性。 在核物理问题中，这个研究项目的重点是回答：哪些两个和三个重子系统是绑定的，它们的结合能是多少？有没有包含超子的三体束缚系统？ 什么是低能超子-超子和超子-核子的相移，这些量的知识将如何帮助解开超子和超核在致密物质中的作用，例如可能发生在中子星的核心？这项研究将有助于提供长期观察到的原子核性质和理论框架之间的联系，该理论框架被认为是这些观察的基础，通过利用计算技术的进步和理论物理学的发展，直到最近才使这一努力成为可能。 研究生培训是该项目的一个组成部分，将提供理论物理和前沿计算方法的教育。

Nuclei are among the most complex systems that emerge from Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the fundamental theory of the strong interaction, and it is of great importance to understand their emergence quantitatively. This goal is only now beginning to be realized in practice using Lattice QCD and effective field theory methods. The focus of the proposed project is on obtaining physical predictions for basic nuclear interactions and properties with controlled uncertainties - arising primarily from extrapolation to the physical quark masses and to the continuum limit - accounted for systematically. Among the nuclear physics questions that this research project is focused on answering are: Which two- and three-baryon systems are bound and what are their binding energies? Are there three-body bound systems involving hyperons? What are the low-energy hyperon-hyperon and hyperon-nucleon phase shifts, and how will knowledge of these quantities help unravel the role of hyperons and hypernuclei in dense matter such as might occur in the core of neutron stars? This research will help provide a link between long-observed properties of atomic nuclei and the theoretical framework that is believed to provide a basis for these observations, by taking advantages of advances in computing technology and developments in theoretical physics that have only recently made this effort possible. Graduate student training forms an integral part of this project, and will provide education in theoretical physics as well as forefront computing methods.