Organo-f element Chemistry: Integrated Synthetic, Mechanistic, and Catalytic and Thermochemical Studies

有机元素化学：综合合成、机理、催化和热化学研究

• 批准号: 1213235
• 负责人: Tobin Marks
• 金额: $ 60万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1213235&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Organo; element; Chemistry; Integrated; Synthetic

The Chemical Catalysis Program in the Chemistry Division at the National Science Foundation supports Professor Tobin Marks of Northwestern University to lead four closely interlinked research thrusts, integrating research and education, and focusing on fundamental and technologically-oriented aspects of new and unusual catalytic transformations, primarily involving abundant lanthanide, actinide, and related early transition metal elements. The goal is to use experimental bonding energetic information to understand unusual bonding modes, to understand known stoichiometric and catalytic transformations, and to predict new ones in this part of the Periodic Table. The project seeks to elucidate principals for inventing new, efficient, useful, atom-efficient, and environmentally acceptable "green" catalytic processes by investigating: 1) catalytic metal-heteroelement chemistry--hydroelementation and hydro-functionalization; 2) catalytic materials synthesis; 3) multinuclear catalysis; 4) electrophilic lanthanide catalysis in ionic liquids--hydroelementation and its microscopic reverse. In carrying out research, students engage in the synthesis and purification of new catalysts, characterizing their molecular structures and dynamics, implementing these catalysts in exploratory reactivity studies, molecular modeling and electronic structure computation, and rigorous elucidation of reaction kinetics and mechanism. Students also become familiar with polymerization reaction methodologies and with in-depth polymer microstructure, rheology, molecular weight, and thermal characterization. Discovering, understanding, improving, and applying chemical transformations involving metal-carbon and metal-heteroatom containing molecules and fragments are of central importance to the U.S. chemical industry. These transformations include efficient, atom-economical catalytic processes for the production of fuels, plastics, pharmaceuticals, and other economically important chemicals on a huge scale. Furthermore, creating a broad chemical knowledge base and a technically skilled national cadre of researchers expert in this field is crucial to developing ever more selective, environmentally benign, and economically competitive technologies. There is also a national need for researchers trained in basic heavy element chemistry for the nuclear industry. This project focuses on organometallic/catalytic/materials chemistry with the goal being to effect, characterize, understand, and disseminate to the community, unusual and potentially useful new stoichiometric and catalytic reactivity principals, as well as new insights into bonding and bonding energetics. These research/education activities deliberately involve young scientists in all aspects of this knowledge creation. Participation in this challenging, multifaceted/multidisciplinary project, including interactions with industrial scientists, will prepare graduate, undergraduate, and postdoctoral students, having diverse backgrounds, for productive careers in industry, government laboratories, and academe.

美国国家科学基金会化学部的化学催化项目支持西北大学的Tobin Marks教授领导四个密切相关的研究重点，将研究和教育结合起来，重点关注新的和不寻常的催化转化的基础和技术方面，主要涉及丰富的镧系元素、锕系元素和相关的早期过渡金属元素。目标是使用实验键能信息来理解不寻常的键模式，理解已知的化学计量和催化转化，并预测元素周期表中这部分的新转变。该项目旨在通过研究阐明发明新的、高效的、有用的、原子高效的、环境可接受的“绿色”催化过程的原理：1)催化金属-异元素化学——水元素化和水功能化；2)催化材料合成；3)多核催化；离子液体中亲电镧系元素的催化作用——水元化及其微观逆转。在开展研究时，学生从事新催化剂的合成和纯化，表征其分子结构和动力学，将这些催化剂应用于探索性反应性研究、分子建模和电子结构计算，并严格阐明反应动力学和机理。学生还将熟悉聚合反应方法，深入了解聚合物的微观结构、流变性、分子量和热表征。发现、理解、改进和应用包含金属-碳和金属-杂原子的分子和片段的化学转化对美国化学工业至关重要。这些转变包括高效的、原子经济的催化过程，用于大规模生产燃料、塑料、药品和其他经济上重要的化学品。此外，建立一个广泛的化学知识基础和一支在这一领域技术熟练的国家研究人员骨干队伍对于开发更具选择性、对环境无害和经济上具有竞争力的技术至关重要。核工业也需要受过基本重元素化学训练的研究人员。该项目专注于有机金属/催化/材料化学，目标是影响、表征、理解和向社区传播不寻常的和潜在有用的新化学计量学和催化反应原理，以及对键和键能量学的新见解。这些研究/教育活动有意让年轻科学家参与这种知识创造的各个方面。参与这个具有挑战性的、多方面的/多学科的项目，包括与工业科学家的互动，将为具有不同背景的研究生、本科生和博士后学生在工业、政府实验室和学术界的生产性职业做好准备。