SEP: Sustainable Housing through Holistic Waste Stream Management and Algal Cultivation

SEP：通过整体废物流管理和藻类培养实现可持续住房

• 批准号: 1230961
• 负责人: Ben Stuart
• 金额: $ 190万
• 依托单位: Ohio University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-15 至 2016-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1230961&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SEP; Sustainable; Housing; through; Holistic

The NSF Sustainable Energy pathways (SEP) Program, under the umbrella of the NSF Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability (SEES) initiative, will support the research program of Prof. Ben Stuart and co-workers at Ohio University and Georgia Institute of Technology. This project will lead to a shift in the knowledge base required to address a significant national need for alternative energy for the next generation of sustainable buildings. It will provide the fundamental information required for designing, constructing, optimizing, and scaling up of an algae-based power system that will significantly contribute to the energy requirements of houses or residential communities. The project proposes the following aims: a) Evaluate the bench-scale feasibility of the technology through compositional analysis of various residential waste streams, determining biochemical methane potentials, calculating specific growth rates and biomass yields of local algae strains, and processing the cultivated biomass into biofuels. Process modeling software will employ comprehensive mass and energy balances to develop the descriptive and predictive understanding of system parameters necessary to design, construct and operate a pilot-scale system in both open- and closed-loop modes; b) Determine the interrelationships of architectural design and planning parameters for the algae-powered house at the rural, suburban, and urban scales using the design studio and GIS to test hypotheses and develop novel scenarios; and c) Evaluate elements of integration, constructability, reliability, safety and environmental impact on the use of the algae-based technology in residential structures using a comprehensive economic risk and feasibility assessment to investigate the costs of installation, training, operation, material transfer, maintenance, and evaluation of selected technologies.The economic analysis described in aim 3 above includes comprehensive surveys that will elicit public perceptions and tolerance for the costs associated with sustainable housing incorporating integrated material and energy flows. Investigating the holistic development of these communities will have positive impacts in the fields of architecture, building construction, engineering, sustainable/renewable energy, environmental stewardship, multi-scale economics, and education, and will lay the foundation for a significant shift in the approach to cross-disciplinary research in these fields. This effort will engage students from several of these disciplines, and will produce educational materials that will be incorporated into academic instruction as well as informative videos for younger students and adults. Jobs could be created for manufacturing the proposed algae-based systems in rural community developments of Appalachian counties with historically high unemployment rates.While biofuels hold the potential to contribute significantly to global energy demands, the majority of algal biofuel research to date has been directed towards meeting transportation needs. The proposed research will assess the potential of algal cultivation and processing in the management of liquid and solid waste streams, using the algae produced to supplement waste biomass in the production of energy for use in residential applications. Including water and waste management with the potential for food production and generation of biofuels will augment existing off-grid power technologies (e.g. solar PV, solar thermal, wind) that provide many homeowners with desired energy security, and will extend the sustainability and resource independence of residential communities.

美国国家科学基金会可持续能源途径（SEP）项目隶属于美国国家科学基金会可持续发展科学、工程和教育（SEES）倡议，将支持俄亥俄大学和佐治亚理工学院的本·斯图尔特教授及其同事的研究项目。该项目将导致知识基础的转变，以满足国家对下一代可持续建筑替代能源的重大需求。它将为设计、建造、优化和扩大基于藻类的电力系统提供所需的基本信息，这将对房屋或住宅社区的能源需求做出重大贡献。该项目提出以下目标：a)通过对各种生活垃圾流的成分分析，确定生化甲烷势，计算当地藻类菌株的特定生长速率和生物量产量，并将培养的生物量加工成生物燃料，评估该技术的实验规模可行性。过程建模软件将采用全面的质量和能量平衡来开发对系统参数的描述性和预测性理解，这些参数是在开环和闭环模式下设计、构建和操作中试规模系统所必需的；b)利用设计工作室和GIS来测试假设和开发新的场景，确定农村、郊区和城市尺度上藻类房屋的建筑设计和规划参数的相互关系；c)通过综合经济风险和可行性评估，评估在住宅结构中使用藻类技术的集成、可建造性、可靠性、安全性和环境影响的要素，以调查安装、培训、操作、材料转移、维护和选定技术评估的成本。上述目标3所述的经济分析包括全面调查，这些调查将引起公众对包括综合材料和能源流动在内的可持续住房相关费用的认识和容忍。研究这些社区的整体发展将对建筑、建筑施工、工程、可持续/可再生能源、环境管理、多尺度经济学和教育等领域产生积极影响，并将为这些领域跨学科研究方法的重大转变奠定基础。这项工作将吸引来自这些学科的学生，并将制作教育材料，这些材料将被纳入学术教学，并为年轻学生和成年人提供信息视频。在阿巴拉契亚县的农村社区发展中，生产基于藻类的系统可以创造就业机会，这些县的失业率一直很高。虽然生物燃料有潜力为全球能源需求做出重大贡献，但迄今为止，大多数藻类生物燃料研究都是为了满足运输需求。拟议的研究将评估藻类培养和处理在液体和固体废物流管理方面的潜力，利用所产生的藻类来补充废物生物质，以生产供住宅使用的能源。将水和废物管理纳入粮食生产和生物燃料生产的潜力，将增强现有的离网电力技术（如太阳能光伏、太阳能热、风能），为许多房主提供所需的能源安全，并将扩大住宅社区的可持续性和资源独立性。