Seismic Observatory for Community Resilience - A Program to Learn from Earthquakes

社区抗灾能力地震观测站 - 从地震中学习的计划

• 批准号: 1235573
• 负责人: Jay Berger
• 金额: $ 24万
• 依托单位: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1235573&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Seismic; Observatory; Community; Resilience; Program

Urban centers worldwide are threatened by earthquakes. The effects of an earthquake on a community depend on the magnitude and location of the earthquake as well as on how well the community has planned for the future earthquake. Community resiliency to an earthquake depends on the capacity of individuals, households, businesses, and region to survive and to recover after a disaster strikes. The best lessons for earthquake resiliency can be obtained by the study of what worked and didn't work in regions that are struck by earthquakes. This proposal will design and conduct a focused earthquake reconnaissance effort to accelerate learning about seismic resiliency, such that a significant leap in knowledge can be made. The proposed research effort builds on the acclaimed multi-decade and multi-disciplinary EERI Learning From Earthquakes (LFE) program, but it proposes a major change and refocus of the LFE program to achieve the target result of superior understanding of community resiliency.A multidisciplinary Seismic Resilience Panel will guide earthquake reconnaissance to maximize resilience learning relevant to the U.S.; to conduct post-earthquake reconnaissance efforts focused on seismic resilience; to develop methods for systematic data collection, archiving, and dissemination of the findings; and to prepare a synthesis report summarizing the principal findings of the project. The intellectual merit of the proposed program lies in (a) defining the key physical and human elements that contribute to, or inhibit, seismic resilience in U.S. communities, and (b) exploring those elements through focused earthquake reconnaissance in the U.S. and worldwide, as appropriate. In the process, better understanding of the physical, social, economic, governance and institutional factors that facilitate or slow recovery will be achieved. By understanding these complex conditions and their interactions in the post-disaster environment, the grand challenges that need to be addressed will emerge. Through the solution of these challenges advancement in resilience knowledge will be gained. The ultimate goal is to improve the seismic resilience of communities in advance of disasters.

世界各地的城市中心都受到地震的威胁。地震对一个社区的影响取决于地震的震级和位置，也取决于该社区对未来地震的规划。社区对地震的恢复能力取决于个人、家庭、企业和地区在灾难发生后的生存和恢复能力。通过研究在地震发生的地区哪些措施有效，哪些措施无效，可以获得地震恢复能力的最佳经验。该提案将设计并实施一项集中的地震侦察工作，以加速对地震弹性的学习，从而实现知识上的重大飞跃。拟议的研究工作建立在广受好评的数十年和多学科的EERI从地震中学习（LFE）项目的基础上，但它提出了对LFE项目的重大改变和重新关注，以实现对社区恢复力的卓越理解的目标结果。一个多学科的地震恢复小组将指导地震侦察，以最大限度地提高与美国相关的恢复能力；开展以地震恢复力为重点的震后侦察工作；制定系统收集、存档和传播调查结果的方法；并准备一份综合报告，总结项目的主要发现。拟议项目的智力价值在于(a)确定有助于或抑制美国社区地震恢复力的关键物理和人文因素，以及(b)通过适当的美国和世界范围内的重点地震侦察来探索这些因素。在此过程中，将更好地了解促进或减缓复苏的物质、社会、经济、治理和制度因素。通过了解这些复杂的条件及其在灾后环境中的相互作用，需要解决的重大挑战将浮出水面。通过解决这些挑战，将获得弹性知识的进步。最终目标是在灾难发生之前提高社区的抗震能力。