Learning From Earthquakes

从地震中学习

• 批准号: 0758529
• 负责人: Jay Berger
• 金额: $ 16万
• 依托单位: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-01 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0758529&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Learning; Earthquakes

The objectives of this project are to organize and support multidisciplinary reconnaissance teams composed of volunteer field researchers to collect perishable data and observations immediately after significant earthquakes throughout the world and disseminate the collected data and lessons learned from field observations to the earthquake engineering community at large. These activities organized by EERI since 1973 have led to increased understanding of earthquake ground motions and their effects on built and natural environment, to fundamental changes in building codes and construction practices, and to improved procedures for response, recovery and preparedness. These continued activities have provided bases for continuing research in many different disciplines, by providing initial scientific and engineering observations upon which in-depth research projects are based. Post-earthquake teams provide data, observations and lessons that are used to pose critical research questions that merit further research to prove or disprove scientific hypotheses, and calibrate laboratory-based models of building performance, wave actions, and tectonics, among others. Field observations-based research has enabled the scientific and engineering communities to develop better tools and techniques to improve design and construction practices for increased life safety. They have led to improvements in emergency planning and response efforts, resulting in a reduction in earthquake losses and improved recovery. The efforts have also led to enhanced earthquake awareness in general public to enhance post-earthquake societal resilience. While many critical advances have been made, the continuing loss of life, as well as escalating social and economic impacts, underscore the fact that much remains to be learned from post-earthquake damage surveys.

该项目的目标是组织和支持由志愿实地研究人员组成的多学科侦察小组，在世界各地发生重大地震后立即收集易腐烂的数据和观测结果，并向广大地震工程界传播所收集的数据和从实地观测中吸取的经验教训。EERI自1973年以来组织的这些活动加深了对地震地面运动及其对建筑和自然环境的影响的了解，促使建筑规范和施工做法发生了根本变化，并改进了反应、恢复和准备程序。这些持续的活动通过提供作为深入研究项目基础的初步科学和工程观测，为许多不同学科的持续研究提供了基础。震后团队提供的数据、观察和教训被用来提出关键的研究问题，这些问题值得进一步研究，以证明或反驳科学假设，并校准基于实验室的建筑性能、波浪作用和构造等模型。以实地观察为基础的研究使科学界和工程界能够开发出更好的工具和技术，以改进设计和施工实践，从而提高生命安全。它们改进了应急规划和应对工作，减少了地震损失，改善了恢复情况。这些努力还提高了广大公众的地震意识，增强了震后社会的复原力。虽然取得了许多重大进展，但持续的生命损失以及不断升级的社会和经济影响凸显了这样一个事实，即仍有许多东西需要从震后损失调查中吸取教训。