Life Cycle Optimization of Vehicle Replacement (TSE99-H)

车辆更换的生命周期优化 (TSE99-H)

• 批准号: 9985625
• 负责人: Gregory Keoleian
• 金额: $ 44.41万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-05-15 至 2004-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9985625&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Life; Cycle; Optimization; Vehicle; Replacement

9985625 Keoleian Automobiles are among society's most resource intensive products. They have significant environmental impacts throughout their entire life cycle, including material production, manufacturing, use, service and end-of-life management stages. In the United States, approximately ten million vehicles are retired each year due to poor reliability of parts and components, degraded performance, and loss of structural integrity from corrosion or accidents. While retirement decisions are most often guided by economic considerations, the optimal vehicle service life also poses a complex resource and environmental management problem for both manufacturers and consumers. For example, there is an environmental cost-benefit tradeoff between investing in a new, more energy-efficient, lower polluting automobile versus continuing to operate an older, less-efficient, more polluting vehicle. Further complexities arise from differences in environmental burdens between older and newer vehicles during their production and during their use. This research will integrate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and vehicle replacement optimization and lead to novel developments in each field. The state of the art in LCA will be advanced through the treatment of dynamic systems. Thus, the boundaries for analysis will encompass a sequence of products where the design variable becomes the optimal service life of each vehicle. Previous work in dynamic vehicle replacement modeling has focused on cost optimization but has not yet considered life cycle environmental and energy criteria. A life cycle dynamic replacement model will be developed through the application of dynamic programming methods to LCA. The results are expected to have direct relevance to other product systems, such as computers and appliances. This work will be accomplished by an interdisciplinary team of experts from the School of Natural Resources and Environment, Industrial and Operations Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Physics Department specializing in life cycle assessment and design, optimization theory, reliability theory and vehicle emissions and fuel economy modeling. It will provide unique interdisciplinary education and training opportunities for both undergraduate and graduate students. This grant is made pursuant to the NSF/EPA Partnership competition Technologies for a Sustainable Environment. ***

9985625 基奥莱安 汽车是社会上资源最密集的产品之一。 它们在其整个生命周期中对环境产生重大影响，包括材料生产、制造、使用、服务和寿命终止管理阶段。 在美国，每年约有1000万辆汽车因零部件可靠性差、性能下降以及腐蚀或事故导致的结构完整性丧失而退役。 虽然报废决定通常是出于经济考虑，但车辆的最佳使用寿命也给制造商和消费者带来了复杂的资源和环境管理问题。 例如，在投资一辆新的、更节能、污染更低的汽车与继续使用一辆旧的、效率更低、污染更大的汽车之间，存在着一种环境成本效益权衡。 更复杂的是，新旧车辆在生产和使用过程中的环境负担不同。 该研究将整合生命周期评估（LCA）和车辆更换优化，并导致每个领域的新发展。 通过对动态系统的处理，LCA的最新技术将得到发展。 因此，分析的边界将包括一系列产品，其中设计变量成为每辆车的最佳使用寿命。 以前的工作在动态车辆更换建模集中在成本优化，但尚未考虑生命周期的环境和能源标准。 将动态规划方法应用于生命周期评价，建立生命周期动态更换模型。 预计结果将直接关系到其他产品系统，如计算机和电器。 这项工作将由来自自然资源与环境学院，工业与运营工程学院，土木与环境工程学院以及物理系的跨学科专家团队完成，他们专门从事生命周期评估和设计，优化理论，可靠性理论以及车辆排放和燃油经济性建模。 它将为本科生和研究生提供独特的跨学科教育和培训机会。这项赠款是根据NSF/EPA合作伙伴竞争技术为可持续环境。***