Life Cycle Optimization of Vehicle Replacement (TSE99-H)

9985625 Keoleian汽车是社会上最耗费资源的产品之一。它们在其整个生命周期，包括材料生产、制造、使用、服务和报废管理阶段，都会对环境产生重大影响。在美国，由于零部件可靠性差、性能下降以及腐蚀或事故导致结构完整性丧失，每年约有1000万辆汽车退役。虽然退役决定通常是由经济考虑因素指导的，但最佳车辆使用寿命也给制造商和消费者带来了复杂的资源和环境管理问题。例如，在投资一辆新的、更节能、更低污染的汽车和继续运营一辆更旧、效率更低、污染更严重的汽车之间，存在着环境成本效益之间的权衡。更复杂的是，旧车和新车在生产和使用期间的环境负担不同。这项研究将把生命周期评估(LCA)和车辆更换优化结合起来，在每个领域都有新的发展。生命周期评价的技术水平将通过动态系统的处理得到提升。因此，分析的边界将包括一系列产品，其中设计变量成为每辆车的最佳使用寿命。以往的动态车辆更换模型的研究主要集中在成本优化上，还没有考虑生命周期、环境和能源标准。将动态规划方法应用于生命周期评价，建立了生命周期动态更新模型。预计这一结果将与计算机和家用电器等其他产品系统直接相关。这项工作将由来自自然资源与环境学院、工业与运营工程学院、土木与环境工程学院和物理系的专家组成的跨学科团队完成，他们专门从事生命周期评估和设计、优化理论、可靠性理论以及车辆排放和燃油经济性建模。它将为本科生和研究生提供独特的跨学科教育和培训机会。这笔赠款是根据NSF/EPA伙伴关系可持续环境技术竞赛而提供的。***

9985625 Keoleian Automobiles are among society's most resource intensive products. They have significant environmental impacts throughout their entire life cycle, including material production, manufacturing, use, service and end-of-life management stages. In the United States, approximately ten million vehicles are retired each year due to poor reliability of parts and components, degraded performance, and loss of structural integrity from corrosion or accidents. While retirement decisions are most often guided by economic considerations, the optimal vehicle service life also poses a complex resource and environmental management problem for both manufacturers and consumers. For example, there is an environmental cost-benefit tradeoff between investing in a new, more energy-efficient, lower polluting automobile versus continuing to operate an older, less-efficient, more polluting vehicle. Further complexities arise from differences in environmental burdens between older and newer vehicles during their production and during their use. This research will integrate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and vehicle replacement optimization and lead to novel developments in each field. The state of the art in LCA will be advanced through the treatment of dynamic systems. Thus, the boundaries for analysis will encompass a sequence of products where the design variable becomes the optimal service life of each vehicle. Previous work in dynamic vehicle replacement modeling has focused on cost optimization but has not yet considered life cycle environmental and energy criteria. A life cycle dynamic replacement model will be developed through the application of dynamic programming methods to LCA. The results are expected to have direct relevance to other product systems, such as computers and appliances. This work will be accomplished by an interdisciplinary team of experts from the School of Natural Resources and Environment, Industrial and Operations Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Physics Department specializing in life cycle assessment and design, optimization theory, reliability theory and vehicle emissions and fuel economy modeling. It will provide unique interdisciplinary education and training opportunities for both undergraduate and graduate students. This grant is made pursuant to the NSF/EPA Partnership competition Technologies for a Sustainable Environment. ***