Protein Folding and Embryogenesis in Antarctic Fishes: A Comparative Approach to Environmental Stress

南极鱼类的蛋白质折叠和胚胎发生：环境压力的比较方法

• 批准号: 1247510
• 负责人: Harry Detrich
• 金额: $ 57.03万
• 依托单位: Northeastern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1247510&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Protein; Folding; Embryogenesis; Antarctic; Fishes

Since the advent of Antarctic continental glaciation, the opening of the Drake Passage between South America and the Antarctic Peninsula, and the onset of cooling of the Southern Ocean ~40-25 million years ago, evolution of the Antarctic marine biota has been driven by the development of extreme cold temperatures. As circum-Antarctic coastal temperatures declined during this period from ~20°C to the modern ?1.9 to +2.0°C (reached ~8-10 million years ago), the psychrophilic (cold-loving) ectotherms of the Southern Ocean evolved compensatory molecular, cellular, and physiological traits that enabled them to maintain normal metabolic function at cold temperatures. Today, these organisms are threatened by rapid warming of the Southern Ocean over periods measured in centuries (as much as 5°C/100 yr), a timeframe so short that re-adaptation and/or acclimatization to the ?new warm? may not be possible. Thus, the long-term goals of this research project are: 1) to understand the biochemical and physiological capacities of the embryos of Antarctic notothenioid fish to resist or compensate for rapid oceanic warming; and 2) to assess the genetic toolkit available to support the acclimatization and adaptation of Antarctic notothenioid embryos to their warming habitat. The specific aims of this work are: 1) to determine the capacity of the chaperonin complex of notothenioid fishes to assist protein folding at temperatures between ?4 and +20°C; and 2) to evaluate the genetic responses of notothenioid embryos, measured as global differential gene transcription, to temperature challenge, with ?1.9°C as the ?normal? control and +4 and +10°C as high temperature insults.The physiology of embryonic development of marine stenotherms under future climate change scenarios is an important but understudied problem. This project will provide valuable insights into the capacity of Antarctic fish embryos to acclimatize and adapt to plausible climate change scenarios by examining multiple levels of biological organization, from the biochemical to the organismal. The results should also be broadly applicable to understanding the impact of global warming on marine biota worldwide. The research will also introduce graduate and REU undergraduate students to state-of-the-art biochemical, cellular, and molecular-biological research relevant to ecological and environmental issues of the Antarctic marine ecosystem.

自从约 40-2500 万年前南极大陆冰川作用的出现、南美洲和南极半岛之间德雷克海峡的开通以及南大洋开始变冷以来，极冷气温的发展推动了南极海洋生物群的进化。 在此期间，随着环南极沿海温度从约 20°C 下降到现代的 1.9 至 +2.0°C（约 8-1000 万年前），南大洋的嗜冷（喜冷）变温动物进化出了补偿性分子、细胞和生理特征，使它们能够在寒冷的温度下维持正常的代谢功能。 如今，这些生物体受到南大洋几个世纪以来（高达 5°C/100 年）快速变暖的威胁，而时间跨度如此之短，以至于无法重新适应和/或适应“新的温暖”。也许不可能。 因此，本研究项目的长期目标是：1）了解南极南鲽鱼胚胎抵抗或补偿海洋快速变暖的生化和生理能力； 2）评估可用于支持南极诺托类胚胎适应其变暖栖息地的遗传工具包。 这项工作的具体目标是： 1) 确定鲫鱼伴侣蛋白复合物在 4 至 +20°C 温度下协助蛋白质折叠的能力； 2) 评估 notothenioid 胚胎对温度挑战（以“1.9°C”为“正常”）的遗传反应（以全局差异基因转录测量）。控制和+4和+10°C作为高温侵害。未来气候变化情景下海洋钝温动物胚胎发育的生理学是一个重要但尚未充分研究的问题。 该项目将通过检查从生化到有机体的多个层次的生物组织，为南极鱼类胚胎适应和适应可能的气候变化情景的能力提供有价值的见解。 研究结果还应广泛适用于了解全球变暖对全球海洋生物群的影响。 该研究还将向研究生和 REU 本科生介绍与南极海洋生态系统的生态和环境问题相关的最先进的生化、细胞和分子生物学研究。