Collaborative Research: Synoptic Geospace Systems Analysis Utilizing Instrumentation from South Pole and McMurdo Stations

电离层-热层-磁层（ITM）区域构成地球上层大气，是更大的地球空间环境的一部分，ITM是太阳风能量和动量进入并影响整个地球空间域的门户。虽然过去十年左右的空间气象研究大大增加了对与ITM物理学相关的各种现象的了解，但地球空间中发生的这些单独过程的总和并不能复制这一复杂区域的丰富多样性和范围。因此，有必要对ITM研究采取更全面的方法，在多个地点集成集群仪器，同时观察整个地球空间系统内的太阳风相互作用。该项目将通过在南极洲各地部署的协调和协作仪器，支持对在高纬度观测到的相互关联的信息、通信和电信管理现象进行研究。具体而言，该项目将侧重于继续运行目前部署在南极站和麦克默多站的一套地球空间仪器。这套仪器在可靠的操作和社区支持方面有着持续的记录：地基磁通门和搜索线圈磁力计、极低频和甚低频接收器、成像和宽带辐射计、天空观测光学系统、闪烁全球定位系统接收器和一些其他仪器。来自这套数据集的数据将协同地结合起来研究：（a）磁层开闭边界和相关尖点结构的天气变化（利用通量门、光度计和全天空成像仪数据）;（B）SPA和MCM同时发生的ELF哨声事件及其与电离层条件的关系（c）极光和极冠GPS信号闪烁的发生、强度以及与ITM活动的关系（使用GPS、磁通门、riometer、成像仪、ELF/VLF数据）。这些特定专题只是能够和将要利用从这些仪器获得的数据开展的工作的一部分，特别是通过与在南极洲和北极磁共轭区域开展的其他地球空间项目的既定和计划的合作开展的工作。这些包括（但不限于）MCM激光雷达系统，南半球SuperDARN雷达，法布里-珀罗干涉仪，气球活动等。该项目将利用（并提供）来自/到在轨卫星的数据，即THEMIS航天器套件和最近发射的RBSP航天器。这将利用地基和天基数据为拟议的观测提供科学背景，并揭示对地球空间现象基本物理学的新见解。该项目将培训和教育青年科学家、研究生和本科生。

The ionosphere-thermosphere-magnetosphere (ITM) region constitutes the Earth's upper atmosphere that is part of larger Geospace environment, and ITM is a portal upon which the solar wind energy and momentum enter and impact the entire Geospace domain. Though space weather research over the past decade or so has greatly increased understanding of a wide variety of phenomena associated with the ITM physics, the sum of these individual processes occurring in Geospace does not replicate the rich diversity and scope of this complex region. Thus a more holistic approach to the ITM research is necessary, one that integrates clustered instrumentation at multiple locations to have a simultaneous look at the solar wind interactions within the entire Geospace system. This project will support studies of interrelated ITM phenomena observed at high latitudes through the coordinated and collaborative instruments deployed across Antarctica. Specifically, the project will focus on continued operation of a suite of geospace instrumentation currently deployed at both the South Pole (SPA) and McMurdo (MCM) stations. This suite has a sustained track-record of robust operation and community support: ground-based fluxgate and search-coils magnetometers, ELF and VLF receivers, imaging and broadband riometers, sky-looking optical systems, scintillation GPS receivers, and a number of other instruments. Data from this suite will be synergistically combined to study: (a) synoptic variability of the magnetospheric open-closed boundary (OCB) and associated cusp structures (utilizing fluxgate, photometer, and all-sky imager data); (b) simultaneous ELF whistler events at SPA and MCM and their relationship to ionospheric conditions (using ELF receiver, fluxgate, and GPS data); and (c) auroral and polar cap GPS signal scintillation occurrence, strength, and relationship with the ITM activity (using GPS, fluxgate, riometer, imager, ELF/VLF data). These particular topics are only a partial listing of the work that can, and will, be performed with the data obtained from these instruments, especially via established and planned collaborations with other geospace projects taking place in the Antarctica and at magnetically conjugate regions in the Arctic. These include (but not limit) the MCM lidar system, southern hemisphere SuperDARN radars, Fabry-Perot interferometers, balloon campaign, etc. The project will be utilizing (and also providing) data from/to in-orbit satellites, namely the THEMIS suite of spacecraft and recently launched RBSP spacecraft. This will make use of the ground- and space-based data to provide the science context to proposed observations and reveal new insights into underlying physics of the geospace phenomena. The project will train and educate young scientists, graduate, and undergraduate students.