Development of an Autonomous Real-time Remote Observatory (ARRO)

这项工作将开发一个自主实时远程天文台(ARRO)，其设计将容纳至少12台仪器的综合套件，目标是能够在南极高原和格陵兰内陆等极端寒冷的极地进行可靠的多仪器观测。它将包括一个电力系统和足够的加热空间，以及数据采集、数据存储和通过卫星实时传输数据的能力。作为拟议工作的一部分，将建造该天文台的两个原型，并在山上的冷室中进行长时间的测试。华盛顿，还有南极。若干不同领域的重大悬而未决的科学问题促使人们需要一个能够在极地地区运行的可靠的自主观测站网络。在日地物理学中，地磁极冠形成了太阳风和地球磁层之间相互作用的关键窗口。在大气科学领域，这项新技术的一个重要研究对象是1a型(三水硝酸)极地平流层云，它与南极洲上空每年春季平流层臭氧的破坏有关。对于陆地地震研究，一个中心目标是通过分析地震后收到的地震信号来确定地壳和地幔结构，这是一种需要在研究地区建立接收站网络的方法。南极洲的地震特征并不为人所知，此外，在极高纬度缺乏地震台意味着对地核极地地区的忽视，因为穿透该地区的声波路径只能在极高纬度接收到。虽然拟议的ARRO开发的直接应用之一是取代南极内陆的当前一代自动地球物理观测站(AGO)，但ARRO的设计足够灵活，可以纳入更多的仪器，使越来越多的机构和个人能够追求广泛的科学议程。最后，ARRO开发包括几个不同层次的研究和研究培训。学生将直接参与开发，从最初的设计阶段到单位的部署到Mt.华盛顿和南极。最终在极地冰盖上建立观测站网络将使更多的学生参与到广泛的科学议程中来。ARRO还与学术科学界以外的行业和政府单位建立了重要的联系，他们的参与将增强这些公司在寒冷天气和高海拔地区具有挑战性的环境中应用技术的能力。

This work will develop an Autonomous Real-time Remote Observatory (ARRO), which will be designed to accommodate an integrated suite of at least a dozen instruments, with the goal of enabling reliable multi-instrument observations from extremely cold polar sites, such as the Antarctic plateau and the interior of Greenland. It will include a power system and heated space sufficient for the experiments, as well as the capability for data acquisition, data storage, and real time data transmission via satellite. As part of the proposed work, two prototypes of this observatory will be built and tested for extended periods of time in cold chambers, on Mt. Washington, and at the South Pole. Significant outstanding science issues in several diverse fields drive the need for a network of reliable autonomous observatories capable of operation in polar regions. In solar-terrestrial physics, the geomagnetic polar cap forms a key window on the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere. In the field of atmospheric science one vital object of study for this new technology is the Type 1a (nitric acid trihydrate) polar stratospheric cloud, implicated in the annual austral springtime destruction of stratospheric ozone over Antarctica. For terrestrial seismic studies, a central goal is determining the crustal and mantle structure from analysis of seismic signals received following earthquakes, a methodology which requires a network of receiving stations over the area of study. The seismic character of Antarctica is not well-known, and furthermore, the lack of seismic stations at very high latitudes translates into ignorance of the polar regions of the Earth's core, since acoustic ray paths penetrating this region can only be received at extremely high latitudes. While one of the immediate applications of the proposed ARRO development is to replace the current generation of Automatic Geophysical Observatories (AGO's) in the Antarctic interior, the ARRO design is sufficiently agile to incorporate additional instrumentation and enable pursuit of a broad science agenda by a large and growing group of institutions and individual investigators. Finally, ARRO development includes several different layers of research and research training. Students will be directly involved in the development, from the initial design stages to deployment of the units to Mt. Washington and the South Pole. The eventual establishment of a network of observatories over the polar cap will involve a much larger number of students in a broad scientific agenda. ARRO also includes significant connections to industry and government units outside of the academic science community, and their participation will sharpen the capabilities of these companies to serve the nation in applications of technology to challenging environments of cold weather and high altitudes.