Collaborative Research: Synoptic Geospace Systems Analysis Utilizing Instrumentation from South Pole and McMurdo Stations

合作研究：利用南极站和麦克默多站仪器进行天气地理空间系统分析

• 批准号: 1248062
• 负责人: Allan Weatherwax
• 金额: $ 18.54万
• 依托单位: Siena College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-10-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1248062&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Synoptic; Geospace; Systems

The ionosphere-thermosphere-magnetosphere (ITM) region constitutes the Earth's upper atmosphere that is part of larger Geospace environment, and ITM is a portal upon which the solar wind energy and momentum enter and impact the entire Geospace domain. Though space weather research over the past decade or so has greatly increased understanding of a wide variety of phenomena associated with the ITM physics, the sum of these individual processes occurring in Geospace does not replicate the rich diversity and scope of this complex region. Thus a more holistic approach to the ITM research is necessary, one that integrates clustered instrumentation at multiple locations to have a simultaneous look at the solar wind interactions within the entire Geospace system. This project will support studies of interrelated ITM phenomena observed at high latitudes through the coordinated and collaborative instruments deployed across Antarctica. Specifically, the project will focus on continued operation of a suite of geospace instrumentation currently deployed at both the South Pole (SPA) and McMurdo (MCM) stations. This suite has a sustained track-record of robust operation and community support: ground-based fluxgate and search-coils magnetometers, ELF and VLF receivers, imaging and broadband riometers, sky-looking optical systems, scintillation GPS receivers, and a number of other instruments. Data from this suite will be synergistically combined to study: (a) synoptic variability of the magnetospheric open-closed boundary (OCB) and associated cusp structures (utilizing fluxgate, photometer, and all-sky imager data); (b) simultaneous ELF whistler events at SPA and MCM and their relationship to ionospheric conditions (using ELF receiver, fluxgate, and GPS data); and (c) auroral and polar cap GPS signal scintillation occurrence, strength, and relationship with the ITM activity (using GPS, fluxgate, riometer, imager, ELF/VLF data). These particular topics are only a partial listing of the work that can, and will, be performed with the data obtained from these instruments, especially via established and planned collaborations with other geospace projects taking place in the Antarctica and at magnetically conjugate regions in the Arctic. These include (but not limit) the MCM lidar system, southern hemisphere SuperDARN radars, Fabry-Perot interferometers, balloon campaign, etc. The project will be utilizing (and also providing) data from/to in-orbit satellites, namely the THEMIS suite of spacecraft and recently launched RBSP spacecraft. This will make use of the ground- and space-based data to provide the science context to proposed observations and reveal new insights into underlying physics of the geospace phenomena. The project will train and educate young scientists, graduate, and undergraduate students.

电离层-热层-磁层（ITM）区域构成了地球上层大气，是更大地球空间环境的一部分，是太阳风能量和动量进入并影响整个地球空间域的门户。虽然过去十年左右的空间天气研究大大增加了对与ITM物理相关的各种现象的理解，但这些发生在地球空间中的单个过程的总和并不能复制这个复杂区域的丰富多样性和范围。因此，一个更全面的方法来研究ITM是必要的，一个集成在多个地点的集群仪器，同时观察太阳风在整个地球空间系统中的相互作用。该项目将通过部署在南极洲各地的协调和协作仪器，支持研究在高纬度地区观测到的相互关联的ITM现象。具体来说，该项目将重点关注目前部署在南极（SPA）和麦克默多（MCM）站的一套地球空间仪器的持续运行。该套件具有强大的运行和社区支持的持续跟踪记录：地面磁通门和搜索线圈磁力计，ELF和VLF接收器，成像和宽带里程计，天空光学系统，闪烁GPS接收器，以及许多其他仪器。这组数据将协同结合起来研究：(a)磁层开闭边界（OCB）和相关尖端结构的天气变率（利用磁通门、光度计和全天成像仪数据）；(b)在SPA和MCM同时发生的ELF哨声事件及其与电离层条件的关系（使用ELF接收器、磁通门和GPS数据）；(c)极光和极帽GPS信号闪烁的发生、强度及其与ITM活动的关系（使用GPS、磁通门、riometer、成像仪、ELF/VLF数据）。这些专题只是能够和将要利用这些仪器获得的数据进行的工作的一部分，特别是通过与在南极洲和北极磁共轭区域进行的其他地球空间项目建立和计划的合作进行的工作。这些包括（但不限于）MCM激光雷达系统，南半球超级雷达，法布里-珀罗干涉仪，气球运动等。该项目将利用（并提供）来自在轨卫星的数据，即THEMIS航天器套件和最近发射的RBSP航天器。这将利用地面和天基数据为提出的观测提供科学背景，并揭示对地球空间现象的潜在物理学的新见解。该项目将培训和教育青年科学家、研究生和本科生。