Subtropical Gyres: Formation, Dynamics, and Climatology

本文是一个研究副热带环流的项目，副热带环流是发生在北方夏季，特别是西北太平洋12 - 30 N之间的低对流层气旋。 它们比热带气旋（TC）更大，有时包含在它们内部形成并围绕它们气旋传播的TC。 这项工作将调查环流的起源，气候学，结构和动力学，并研究其时空分布及其对降水和TC成因的贡献。 该项目首先确定一套适当的标准来界定亚热带环流，以便可以使用自动化程序来创建一个记录，用于确定其空间和季节分布、典型大小和持续时间以及与厄尔尼诺和事件以及马登-朱利安振荡有关的变化。 接下来，研究将集中在副热带环流的结构，演变和动力学。 除了观测记录外，该研究还将使用天气研究和预报（WRF）模型的模拟来研究各种物理机制对环流演变的贡献，包括表面风对与环流内对流相关的非绝热加热的反应，以及随之而来的副热带环流西侧地面热交换的增强。鉴于副热带环流的环流与TC形成的联系。 在亚热带环流中形成的台风对东亚和东南亚沿海地区构成威胁，在该奖项下开展的工作可能有助于更好地了解和预测这些风暴。 此外，该项目还支持一名研究生，从而为这一科学领域的下一代研究人员做出贡献。

This is a project to study subtropical gyres, which are lower-tropospheric cyclones occurring between 12N and 30N in northern summer, especially in the western North Pacific. They are larger than tropical cyclones (TCs), and sometimes contain TCs that form within them and propagate cyclonically around them. The work will investigate the origin, climatology, structure, and dynamics of the gyres, and study their spatial and temporal distribution and their contribution to precipitation and TC genesis. The project begins by determining an appropriate set of criteria to define subtropical gyres, so that an automated process can be used to create a record of them, to be used to determine their spatial and seasonal distribution, typical size and duration, and variations associated with El Nino and events and the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Next, the research will focus on the structure, evolution, and dynamics of subtropical gyres. In addition to the observational record, the research will use simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to examine the contributions of various physical mechanisms to gyre evolution, including the surface wind response to diabatic heating associated with convection within the gyre, and the subsequent enhancement of surface heat exchange on the western side of the gyre.Research on subtropical gyres has societal value given the association of the gyres with TC formation. Typhoons forming within subtropical gyres pose a threat to the coastal regions of East and Southeast Asia, and the work performed under this award may contribute to better understanding and prediction of these storms. In addition, the project supports a graduate student and thus contributes to the next generation of researchers in this scientific area.