CAREER: Molecular mechanisms of phloem transport and seed loading of heavy metals

植物和种子是蛋白质、维生素和锌、铁和锰等微量营养素的主要膳食来源。该项目的重点是了解分子如何加载到种子中，作为选择性地用铁和锌等特定营养素丰富主食种子作物的基础，这一过程被称为生物强化。韧皮部是一种维管组织，将营养物质输送到植物的各个部分。营养物质通过贯穿叶片和茎的韧皮部导管（静脉）进入种子。在叶片中，分子通过位于伴细胞中的转运蛋白被装载到韧皮部流中。尽管它们的重要性，大多数转运蛋白特异性伴侣细胞仍然未知。该项目将使用强大的分子技术（ribo-seq）来区分在伴细胞中表达的转运蛋白基因和在其他类型细胞中表达的转运蛋白基因。韧皮部装载转运蛋白基因将通过鉴定每个转运蛋白基因动员到韧皮部流中的分子类型（氨基酸、维生素、金属等）来进一步表征。此外，该项目将通过开展三项主要的外联活动来整合跨学科的教育方案，这些活动将不断受到监测和评估，以最大限度地发挥效益。首先，新闻专业的学生将有科学活动的实践经验，并将通过媒体故事，视频和博客交流他们的经验。科学新闻对于提高人们对科学如何影响社区的认识至关重要。 第二，该项目将通过让植物科学和工程专业的学生参与跨学科研究，将他们聚集在一起。 这些类型的相互作用极大地改善了对生物系统的理解，并将为未来的跨学科合作创造更多的机会。 第三，高中科学教师将被邀请讨论当前的植物生物学研究，并将新的发展纳入现有的课程。

Plants and seeds are the main dietary source of proteins, vitamins and micronutrients such as zinc, iron and manganese. This project focuses on understanding how molecules are loaded into seeds as a basis to selectively enrich staple seed crops with specific nutrients such as iron and zinc, a process referred to as bio-fortification. Phloem is a vascular tissue that transports nutrients to all parts of the plant. Nutrients are loaded into seeds by phloem vessels (veins) that run across the leaves and through the stem. In leaves, molecules are loaded into the phloem stream by transporter proteins located in companion cells. Despite their importance, the majority of transporter proteins specific to companion cells remain unknown. This project will use a powerful molecular technique (ribo-seq) to differentiate between transporter genes expressed in companion cells and transporter genes expressed in other types of cells. Phloem-loading transporter genes will be further characterized by identifying the type of molecule (amino acids, vitamins, metals, etc) each transporter gene mobilizes into the phloem stream. Additionally, this project will integrate cross-disciplinary educational programs by pursuing three major outreach activities that will be continuously monitored and evaluated to maximize the benefits. First, journalism students will have hands-on experience on scientific activities and will communicate their experiences through media stories, videos and blogs. Scientific journalism is vital to promoting awareness about how science impacts communities. Second, this project will bring together plant science and engineering students by engaging them in interdisciplinary research. These types of interactions have dramatically improved the way biological systems are understood and will generate more opportunities for future interdisciplinary collaboration. Third, high school science teachers will be invited to discuss current research on plant biology and incorporate new developments into their existing curriculum.