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CAREER: Strain Engineered Mixed Ionic Electronic Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Catalysts

职业：应变工程混合离子电子导电固体氧化物燃料电池阳极催化剂

基本信息

批准号：
1254453
负责人：
Jason Nicholas
金额：
$ 40万
依托单位：
Michigan State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-08-01 至 2020-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1254453&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Strain Engineered Mixed Ionic

项目摘要

1254453Nicholas, Jason D.Fuels cells are electrochemical devices used to convert the energy stored within the chemical bonds of the fuel into electrical energy and/or heat. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs), which have efficiencies of 60-85%, highest of the hydrocarbon-based electricity production technologies, achieve this by allowing oxygen ions to pass through an electronically insulating solid membrane; and in the process producing electricity by forcing the oxygen electrons to circumvent the membrane via an external circuit. By electrochemically oxidizing fuel in this manner instead of combusting it, SOFCs have demonstrated combined heat and power efficiencies more than twice those obtained in conventional fossil fuel-fed power plants. Unlike other types of fuel cells that can only run on hydrogen, SOFCs can operate on a variety of fuels such as hydrogen, biogas, gasoline, natural gas, jet fuel, and methane.With their ability to run on both hydrocarbon and hydrogen fuels, why have SOFCs not become a primary energy conversion solution? Two of the most daunting obstacles to SOFC commercialization are 1) a lack of SOFC electrode catalyst materials with desirable surface properties at operating temperatures less than 600C, and 2) a lack of catalytically active, high conductivity, redox stable, coking resistant, sulfur tolerant, SOFC anode materials which will allow SOFCs to operate on dry, commercially-widespread hydrocarbon fuels. Professor Jason Nicholas of Michigan State University believes that the pool of available materials may already contain those which will do the job, including mixed ionic electronic-conducting lanthanum strontium chromium magnesium oxides. The National Science Foundation is awarding the Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program Award to Nicholas to systematically evaluate the hypothesis that the necessary surface properties and the catalytic activity and selectivity of these mixed ionic oxides can be enhanced through the application of an external biaxial stress. Although thin film catalysts will initially be studied, the PI intends to fabricate and elucidate the behavior of nanocomposite SOFC anodes containing strain engineered catalysts by a number of standard methods. In addition, the investigator will develop a novel curvature relaxation measurement technique which will allow oxygen surface exchange measurements to be performed in situ and in operando without the distortions caused by electrodes, yielding data not previously available.The proposed work will advance the field of catalysis by systematically elucidating, for the first time, the full relationship between stress, structure, electrochemical properties, temperature, and oxygen partial pressure in a SOFC anode electrocatalyst. The investigator plans a wide program of educational outreach activities as a feature of the CAREER award, extending to high school students, undergraduates and teachers. A specific activity will be to provide mid-Michigan Girl Scouts with an annual Michigan State University visit day aimed at introducing K-12 girls to the Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) disciplines.

1254453Nicholas, Jason D.燃料电池是一种电化学装置，用于将燃料化学键中存储的能量转化为电能和/或热量。固体氧化物燃料电池 (SOFC) 的效率为 60-85%，是碳氢化合物发电技术中最高的，它通过允许氧离子穿过电子绝缘固体膜来实现这一目标；并在此过程中通过迫使氧电子通过外部电路绕过膜来发电。通过以这种方式电化学氧化燃料而不是燃烧燃料，SOFC 已证明其综合热电效率是传统化石燃料发电厂的两倍以上。与其他类型的只能使用氢气运行的燃料电池不同，SOFC 可以使用多种燃料运行，例如氢气、沼气、汽油、天然气、喷气燃料和甲烷。既然 SOFC 能够同时使用碳氢化合物和氢燃料运行，为什么 SOFC 没有成为主要的能源转换解决方案呢？ SOFC商业化的两个最令人畏惧的障碍是1)缺乏在低于600°C的工作温度下具有理想表面性能的SOFC电极催化剂材料，以及2)缺乏催化活性、高电导率、氧化还原稳定、抗结焦、耐硫的SOFC阳极材料，这些材料将使SOFC能够在干燥的、商业上广泛使用的碳氢化合物燃料上运行。密歇根州立大学的贾森·尼古拉斯教授认为，可用材料库中可能已经包含了能够完成这项工作的材料，包括混合离子电子导电镧锶铬镁氧化物。美国国家科学基金会将教员早期职业发展（CAREER）计划奖授予尼古拉斯，以系统地评估以下假设：通过施加外部双轴应力可以增强这些混合离子氧化物的必要表面特性、催化活性和选择性。尽管最初将研究薄膜催化剂，但 PI 打算通过多种标准方法制造并阐明含有应变工程催化剂的纳米复合 SOFC 阳极的行为。此外，研究人员将开发一种新颖的曲率弛豫测量技术，该技术将允许在原位和操作中进行氧表面交换测量，而不会因电极引起的变形，从而产生以前无法获得的数据。这项拟议的工作将通过首次系统地阐明SOFC中的应力、结构、电化学特性、温度和氧分压之间的完整关系来推进催化领域的发展阳极电催化剂。作为职业奖的一个特色，调查员计划开展广泛的教育推广活动，覆盖高中生、本科生和教师。其中一项具体活动是为密歇根州中部女童子军提供一年一度的密歇根州立大学参观日，旨在向 K-12 女孩介绍科学、技术、工程和数学 (STEM) 学科。