EAGER: Enhanced Optoelectronic Devices Through Integration of Single-Crystal Graphene and Bernal Bilayer and Trilayer Graphene

这项研究的目标是在中红外半导体激光器上使用石墨烯透明电接触来确定严重限制高温操作的基本物理机制。该方法是利用锑基半导体激光器作为平台，测试单层和几层石墨烯的光学透明度、导电性和散热效果。将比较多域和单晶石墨烯单分子膜，以及具有非贝纳尔和贝纳尔AB堆叠的双层和三层膜。石墨烯将提供同时光学泵浦和电偏置激光器件的能力，使其能够精确测量阈值以上的载流子浓度，以便将这些有前途的3？5微米器件的特征温度提高到100K以上。除了石墨烯的高透射率和优异的电学性能，这可能导致中红外发射器的阈值更低、输出功率更高和工作温度更高，石墨烯还显示出极好的散热潜力。因此，具有高迁移率和良好散热性能的透明接触在光电子器件中可能有广泛的应用，包括发光二极管、激光器、晶体管和其他需要良好的热管理同时最小化散热层的器件。中红外设备的重要应用包括环境监测、对抗和自由空间通信。PIs将继续让女性、高中生和本科生参与研究，并接触K-12学生和教师。

The objective of this research is to employ graphene transparent electrical contacts atop mid-infrared semiconductor lasers to determine the fundamental physical mechanisms that critically limit high-temperature operation. The approach is to use antimonide-based semiconductor lasers as the platform to test optical transparency, electrical conductivity, and the heat dissipation efficacy of single and few-layer graphene. Both multi-domain and single-crystal graphene monolayers will be compared as well as bilayers and trilayers with non-Bernal and Bernal AB stacking.The capability graphene will provide to simultaneously optically pump and electrically bias laser devices will enable precise measurements of carrier concentrations above threshold in order to elevate the characteristic temperature of these promising 3?5 µm devices above 100 K. In addition to the high optical transmission and excellent electrical properties of graphene that could lead to lower thresholds, higher output powers, and higher operating temperatures in mid-infrared emitters, graphene has demonstrated excellent potential for heat dissipation, which will be studied and related to its potential as a single-atom-thick heat dissipater in electronic devices in general.Thin, transparent contacts with high mobility and excellent heat dissipation may have extensive applications in optoelectronic devices, including light emitting diodes, lasers, transistors, and other devices that require good thermal management while minimizing the size of the heat dissipating layer. Important applications of mid-infrared devices include environmental monitoring, countermeasures, and free space communications. The PIs will continue to involve women, high school students, and undergraduates in the research and to reach out to K-12 students and teachers.