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Inequality and Multiracial Gatekeeping

不平等和多种族把关

基本信息

批准号：
1259786
负责人：
Mamadi Corra
金额：
$ 19.15万
依托单位：
East Carolina University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-07-01 至 2016-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1259786&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Inequality Multiracial Gatekeeping

项目摘要

This research studies the impact of racial status on gatekeeper-client relations. Gatekeepers control access to "benefits" they do not own, benefits that are valued by "clients." Seeking access to those benefits, clients assume obligations which may be discharged by a fee paid to the gatekeeper. Employment agents, car salesmen, real estate agents are gatekeepers because they control access to jobs, cars and housing respectively as well as information about each. When clients are lower status, for example African American, employment agents may steer them to lower paid, less desirable jobs, car salesmen may ask for and receive higher prices, and real estate agents may show only segregated housing. This research will experimentally test the impact of racial status differences on gatekeeping. Do African American gatekeepers gain smaller fees from White clients? What happens when Whites are gatekeepers? Do African American clients pay higher fees for the access they seek? And what is the impact of the race of the person to whom clients seek access? These questions are important for both practical and theoretical reasons. The research findings will help us better understand the continuing effects of status differences and stratification on everyday life. Multiracial gatekeeping is studied in the context of exchange networks. For example, B is the gatekeeper when an A - B exchange must be completed before A may exchange with C. B is the gatekeeper because A, acting in the role of client, must gain B's consent to exchange before gaining access to and exchanging with C. As a part of the research, a measure of the quantitative impact of race differences is developed, along with hypotheses drawn from that measure. The research uses a 2 x 2 x 2 (race of A, race of B, race of C) design to test hypotheses. Funded by the Digital Library Initiative at the National Science Foundation, ExNet will be used to produce exchange relations among actors. Subjects seated in separate rooms negotiate through connected PCs using only mouse control. ExNet shows the network being investigated as an active display on each subject's screen. Subjects click icons to make and reject offers and to complete exchanges. Broader ImpactsFindings will advance understandings of discriminatory practices in which power over racial minorities is grounded jointly in structure and status. Formal sociological theory is extended through new bridges between Network Exchange Theory and Status Characteristics Theory; perhaps the most extensively tested formal theories in sociology. More generally, results of will show how racially grounded status differences affect access to commodities that people value, potentially shedding light on one of the systemic, structural ways in which discrimination persists. While the research focuses on the impact of race on gatekeeping, the underlying theoretical process is not limited to racial status. It applies to any gatekeeping setting where "status characteristic" (identifiable attribute of individuals that carries with it cultural beliefs and/or evaluations of worthiness and competence) becomes salient. Gender, age, beauty and sexual orientation, for example, are all status characteristics, and when they become salient in a gatekeeper-client relationship, their effects should be the same as those predicted for racial status.

这项研究研究了种族地位对看门人和客户关系的影响。看门人控制着他们不拥有的“利益”的获取，即“客户”所重视的利益。为了获得这些好处，客户承担了一些义务，这些义务可以通过向看门人支付费用来免除。职业介绍所、汽车销售员、房地产经纪人是看门人，因为他们分别控制着工作、汽车和住房的获取以及有关每项信息的信息。当客户身份较低时，例如非裔美国人，就业代理可能会引导他们从事低薪、不太理想的工作，汽车销售员可能会要求并获得更高的价格，而房地产经纪人可能只会展示隔离的住房。这项研究将通过实验测试种族地位差异对把关的影响。非裔美国看门人从白人客户那里获得的费用是否会减少？当白人担任看门人时会发生什么？非裔美国客户是否会为他们寻求的访问支付更高的费用？客户寻求接触的人的种族有何影响？这些问题对于实践和理论都很重要。研究结果将帮助我们更好地了解地位差异和分层对日常生活的持续影响。多种族把关是在交换网络的背景下研究的。例如，当 A - B 交换必须在 A 与 C 进行交换之前完成时，B 是看门人。B 是看门人，因为 A 作为客户角色，必须获得 B 的同意才能进行交换，然后才能访问 C 并与 C 进行交换。作为研究的一部分，开发了种族差异的定量影响的衡量标准，以及从该衡量标准中得出的假设。该研究使用 2 x 2 x 2（种族 A、种族 B、种族 C）设计来检验假设。 ExNet 由国家科学基金会数字图书馆计划资助，将用于在参与者之间建立交流关系。坐在不同房间的受试者仅使用鼠标控制通过连接的电脑进行谈判。 ExNet 将正在调查的网络显示为每个受试者屏幕上的活动显示。受试者点击图标来提出和拒绝报价并完成交换。更广泛的影响调查结果将增进对歧视性做法的理解，在这些做法中，对少数族裔的权力是基于结构和地位的。通过网络交换理论和地位特征理论之间的新桥梁扩展了形式社会学理论；也许是社会学中经过最广泛检验的形式理论。更一般地说，遗嘱的结果表明，基于种族的地位差异如何影响人们获得有价值的商品，这可能揭示歧视持续存在的系统性、结构性方式之一。虽然研究的重点是种族对把关的影响，但潜在的理论过程并不限于种族地位。它适用于任何“地位特征”（带有文化信仰和/或价值和能力评估的个人的可识别属性）变得突出的把关环境。例如，性别、年龄、美貌和性取向都是身份特征，当它们在看门人和客户关系中变得突出时，它们的影响应该与种族地位的预测相同。