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Racial Socialization in Multiracial Families: A Mixed-Methods Investigation

多种族家庭的种族社会化：混合方法调查

基本信息

批准号：
2104888
负责人：
McKenzie Stokes
金额：
$ 13.8万
依托单位：
Stokes, McKenzie
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Fellowship Award
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-07-15 至 2023-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2104888&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Racial Socialization Multiracial Families Mixed

项目摘要

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. Under the sponsorship of Dr. Fantasy T. Lozada at Virginia Commonwealth University, this postdoctoral fellowship award supports an early career scientist examining the antecedents and consequences of parental racial socialization among one of the fastest-growing populations in the United States – Biracial Black-White adolescents (U.S. Census Bureau, 2018). Racial socialization, or the ways that parents talk to their children about the meaning and significance of race, is an adaptive cultural coping practice that can promote the developmental well-being of Black adolescents (García Coll et al., 1996; Murry et al., 2018). More specifically, racial socialization can lead monoracial Black adolescents to adopt positive attitudes about being Black and other Black people, which can protect them from deleterious effects of racism (Neblett et al., 2013; Peck et al., 2014). Racial socialization may be equally as important for Biracial Black-White adolescents as they experience many of the same race-related stressors as their monoracial Black peers and unique forms of Multiracial discrimination like social exclusion and exoticization (Skinner et al., 2020; Yoo et al., 2016). However, only four percent of the studies on racial socialization within the past decade included Biracial participants (Umaña‐Taylor & Hill, 2020), so we know very little about how parents of Biracial Black-White youth socialize their adolescent children around race (Stokes et al., 2020). As the U.S. becomes increasingly diverse, we must learn how sociocultural practices, like parental racial socialization, function within Multiracial families and impact youth who grow up in them. This mixed-methods project employs a new self-report measure and observational design to produce a rich conceptualization of racial socialization in Multiracial Black-White families through two phases. The first phase uses Latent Class Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling to analyze self-report data to better understand what Biracial Black-White adolescents learn about race from their parents and how it impacts their racial identity and well-being. The second phase will build upon these findings by using observational research to examine how the emotional context of the parent-adolescent relationship shapes the transmission and effectiveness of racial socialization (Yasui, 2015). More specifically, 75 Multiracial Black-White families will visit a research lab and share stories about race-related incidents in their own lives (e.g., racial stories task) or listen to vignettes about common racial dilemmas that Biracial adolescents face. The participants will be instructed to discuss the scenarios with one another and share how they did or would respond to racial matters like it while being video recorded. The recordings will then be analyzed using the Racial Socialization Observational Coding system (Smith-Bynum et al., 2016) and emotion recognition software (e.g., Noldus) to detect emotional valence and understand the relational nature (e.g., tone, comforting behavior, advocacy, etc.) of socialization exchanges. Additional analyses will explore (1) if parent-child closeness and child characteristics (e.g., gender, phenotype) influence socialization, (2) if Black and white parents differ in their emotional responses to racial dilemmas, and (3) if parents respond to monoracial experiences of discrimination differently than Multiracial experiences. Ultimately, both phases of this project will advance the theoretical understanding of racial socialization in Multiracial Black-White families. It will also begin to illuminate how interfamilial communication about race shapes how Biracial youth develop in and interact with other people in our society. This knowledge can be used to identify patterns of "stability, change, conflict, and cooperation" that contribute to the psychosocial well-being of youth with multiple racial identities and in turn, expand our fundamental understanding of racial socialization in Multiracial families.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是作为NSF的社会，行为和经济科学博士后研究奖学金（SPRF）计划的一部分提供的。SPRF计划的目标是为学术界，工业或私营部门和政府的科学事业准备有前途的早期职业博士级科学家。SPRF的奖励包括在知名科学家的赞助下进行两年的培训，并鼓励博士后研究员进行独立研究。NSF致力于促进来自科学界各部门的科学家，包括来自代表性不足的群体的科学家参与其研究计划和活动;博士后期间被认为是实现这一目标的专业发展的重要水平。每个博士后研究员必须解决推进各自学科领域的重要科学问题。在Dr. Fantasy T的赞助下Lozada在弗吉尼亚联邦大学，这个博士后奖学金支持早期职业科学家研究的前因和父母的种族社会化的后果在美国增长最快的人口之一-birthday黑白青少年（美国人口普查局，2018）。种族社会化，或父母与孩子谈论种族的意义和重要性的方式，是一种适应性文化应对实践，可以促进黑人青少年的发展福祉（García科尔et al.，1996; Murry等人，2018年）。更具体地说，种族社会化可以导致单一种族的黑人青少年对黑人和其他黑人采取积极的态度，这可以保护他们免受种族主义的有害影响（Neblett等人，2013; Peck等人，2014年）。种族社会化对黑人白人混血的青少年同样重要，因为他们经历了许多与他们的单一黑人同龄人相同的种族相关的压力源，以及独特形式的多种族歧视，如社会排斥和异国化（Skinner等人，2020; Yoo等人，2016年）。然而，在过去的十年中，只有4%的种族社会化研究包括Birthday参与者（Umaña-Taylor Hill，2020），因此我们对Birthday黑白青年的父母如何围绕种族使他们的青少年儿童社会化知之甚少（Stokes等人，2020年）。随着美国变得越来越多样化，我们必须了解社会文化实践，如父母的种族社会化，如何在多种族家庭中发挥作用，并影响在其中长大的年轻人。这个混合方法的项目采用了一种新的自我报告措施和观察设计，通过两个阶段产生了丰富的概念化的种族社会化的多种族黑白家庭。第一阶段使用潜在类分析和结构方程模型来分析自我报告数据，以更好地了解黑人白人青少年从父母那里了解到的种族以及它如何影响他们的种族认同和福祉。第二阶段将在这些发现的基础上，通过观察研究来研究父母与青少年关系的情感背景如何塑造种族社会化的传播和有效性（Yasui，2015）。更具体地说，75个多种族黑白家庭将参观一个研究实验室，分享他们生活中与种族有关的事件的故事（例如，种族故事任务），或者听一些关于Birmingham青少年面临的常见种族困境的小插曲。参与者将被指示相互讨论这些场景，并分享他们在被录像时如何或将如何应对类似的种族问题。然后将使用种族社会化观察编码系统（Smith-Bynum等人，2016）和情感识别软件（例如，Noldus）来检测情感效价并理解关系性质（例如，语气、安慰行为、宣传等）社会化交流。额外的分析将探索（1）父母-孩子的亲密度和孩子的特征（例如，性别，表型）影响社会化，（2）如果黑人和白色父母在他们的种族困境的情绪反应不同，（3）如果父母对单一种族的歧视经验的反应不同于多种族的经验。最终，这个项目的两个阶段将推进种族社会化的理论理解在多种族黑白家庭。它也将开始阐明家庭间关于种族的沟通如何塑造双胞胎青年在我们社会中的发展和与其他人的互动。这方面的知识可以用来确定模式的“稳定，变化，冲突，合作”，有助于心理健康的青年与多种族身份，反过来，扩大我们的种族社会化的基本理解在多种族家庭。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过评估使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准的支持。