Collaborative Research: Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Urban Areas

合作研究：量化城市地区温室气体排放

• 批准号: 1265614
• 负责人: Steven Wofsy
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-15 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1265614&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Quantifying; Greenhouse; Gas

AbstractLong lived greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, CH4, N2O, some CFCs) emissions play a critical role in regulating the Earth's climate. Urban environments increasingly lie at the core of many major environmental issues including climate change. Much of the human induced greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted globally originate in or nearby cities. How do you measure the carbon balance of a mega-city? Society must be able to understand and predict the distribution of emitted GHGs within the urban atmosphere in order to assess the validity of emissions inventories, and the efficacy of any emission reduction programs. Uncertainties in self-reported 'bottom up' GHG emission inventories, derived from activity use data and generalized conversion factors, are often larger than emission reduction goals [IPCC, 2006; NRC, 2010]. This shortcoming can potentially be addressed by top-down (inverse) modeling that uses GHG measurements in the atmosphere, coupled with transport modeling and a priori flux constraints, to quantify source emissions.This project, centered on observation and modeling of carbon fluxes in the Boston urban dome, has potentially broad impact, including: 1) use and refinement of the WRF-STILT model (which couples a research weather forecasting model with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model) to connect atmospheric (observation) with surface fluxes in large cities; 2) Regional and potentially worldwide applications of the model to verify regulatory, cap and trade and even global treaty needs; 3) Education of students and the public. Project data, results, and software will continue to be made publicly available during the proposed research.

长寿命温室气体（GHG; CO2，CH 4，N2 O，某些CFCs）的排放在调节地球气候方面起着关键作用。城市环境越来越成为包括气候变化在内的许多重大环境问题的核心。全球大部分人为温室气体（GHG）都来自于城市或其附近。如何衡量一个大城市的碳平衡？ 社会必须能够理解和预测城市大气中排放的温室气体的分布，以评估排放清单的有效性，以及任何减排计划的有效性。 根据活动使用数据和广义转换系数得出的自我报告的“自下而上”温室气体排放清单通常大于减排目标[IPCC，2006; NRC，2010]。这一缺陷可以通过自上而下的（逆向）建模来解决，该建模使用大气中的温室气体测量，加上传输建模和先验通量约束，以量化源排放。该项目以波士顿城市圆顶的碳通量观测和建模为中心，具有潜在的广泛影响，包括：1）WRF-STILT模型的使用和改进（将研究天气预报模型与拉格朗日粒子扩散模型相结合），（2）在区域和潜在的全球范围内应用该模型，以核实监管、上限和交易，甚至全球条约的需求;（3）对学生和公众进行教育。在拟议的研究期间，项目数据、结果和软件将继续公开。