MRI: Acquisition of Mesoscale Network of Surface Sensors and Solar-tracking Spectrometers

城市环境是许多重大环境问题的核心。全球排放的温室气体(温室气体：CH4、CO2和其他)和污染物(例如，CO、黑碳气溶胶、挥发性有机化合物、NOx)的大部分人类负担来自城市。城市居民还暴露在具有辐射重要性的污染物和有毒物质及其相关的健康风险中。科学家必须能够了解和预测源自城市大气的排放物种的分布，以便评估排放清单的有效性、减排计划的有效性以及城市人口暴露在相关污染物中的情况。这项MRI收购寻求整合传感器网络的三个组成部分：1.FTIR太阳跟踪光谱仪。将部署三台自动太阳跟踪傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱仪，以准确测量包括H2O在内的温室气体总柱数量。2.激光雷达。将获得脉冲激光雷达来确定细颗粒和水流星的时间-高度截面，为测试城市穹顶3的气象模拟提供关键数据。现有的太阳跟踪VIS-UV光谱仪(该项目免费获得)还将提供总柱O_3、NO2、H_2O和H_2CO的时间序列，这些物质是反应性大气成分。这些化学物质的总柱、表面和垂直分辨分布的综合测量将被同化到一个非常高分辨率的模式-数据框架中，从而能够更准确和完整地了解这些污染物和温室气体的排放、产生、传输和转化的区域速率。将使用该网络开发和验证的模型将提供各种社会(经济、政策)利益，最初适用于波士顿，并适用于其他类似的城市中心。现有地面城市网络的组成部分已经与当地(波士顿)官员建立了教育和外联活动，并吸引了对他们生活的城市问题感兴趣的研究生和本科生。目的是将实时数据访问作为一种教育工具，以更广泛地接触公众。在网络中收集的所有数据都将近乎实时地供公众下载，并在完成质量保证和质量控制检查后立即提供。

Urban environments lie at the core of many major environmental issues. Much of the human burden of 'greenhouse' gases (GHGs: CH4, CO2 and others) and pollutants (e.g. CO, black carbon aerosol, volatile organic compounds, NOx) emitted globally originate in cities. Urban dwellers are also exposed to radiatively important pollutants and toxic substances and their associated health risks. Scientists must be able to understand and predict the distribution of emitted species originating within urban atmospheres in order to assess the validity of emissions inventories, the efficacy of emission reduction programs, and the exposure of urban populations to associated pollutants. This MRI acquisition seeks integration of three components of a sensor network:1. FTIR SOLAR-TRACKING SPECTROMETERS. Three automated solar tracking Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometers will be deployed to make accurate measurements of total column amounts of GHGs including H2O. 2. LIDAR. A Pulsed LiDAR will be acquired to determine time-height cross sections of fine particles and hydrometeors, providing key data to test meteorological simulations of the urban dome 3. An existing solar-tracking VIS-UV spectrometer (acquired at no cost to this project) will also provide time series of total column O3, NO2, H2O and H2CO species, which are reactive atmsopheric components.Comprehensive measurements of total column, surface, and vertically resolved distributions of these chemical species will be assimilated into a very high resolution model-data framework, enabling a more accurate and complete understanding of regional rates of emission, production, transport, and transformation of these pollutants and GHGs. The model that will be developed and validated using the network will provide a variety of societal (economic, policy) benefits, initially for Boston, and applicable to other similar urban centers. Elements of an existing surface urban network have already established educational and outreach activities with local (Boston) officials, and has engaged graduate and undergraduate students interested in urban issues in which they live. Real-time data access as an educational tool to engage the public more broadly is intended. All data collected in the network will be available for download by the public in near real time, and as soon as QA and QC checks are completed.