Scientific Program Overview (SPO): HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations of Atmospheric Tracers (HIPPO)

这项奖励将为拟议的HIAPER极地观测(HIPPO)计划做准备。河马将在整个年度周期中提供第一次全球范围的(“极地到极地”)大气示踪剂调查，提供从地表到对流层顶的横截面。计划在NSF/NCAR G-V飞机(HIAPER)上安装仪器，以测量一整套示踪剂，包括二氧化碳(CO2)、氧/氮比(O2：N2)、二氧化碳同位素(13CO2：12CO2)、甲烷(CH4)、一氧化碳(CO)、一氧化二氮(N2O)、分子氢(H2)、六氟化硫(SF6)、一氧化碳(COS)、氯氟烃(CFCs)、氢氟烃(HCFC)和选定的碳氢化合物。河马将横穿太平洋中部，然后返回北美和南美洲。激励河马的科学问题侧重于了解全球碳循环，确定对流层和热带对流层中示踪剂的大规模运移速率，以及了解全球示踪剂的来源和汇。河马的目的是为一大套大气示踪剂提供公开可用的全球数据集。计划将这些数据与用于评估全球二氧化碳源和汇分布的模型的输出进行比较。将聘请更多的建模人员，以促进对这些数据的创造性和有效应用。

This award will enable preparation for the proposed HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) program. HIPPO will provide the first global-scale ("pole-to-pole") survey of atmospheric tracers through the annual cycle, providing cross sections from the surface to the tropopause. It is planned to install instruments on the NSF/NCAR G-V aircraft (HIAPER) to measure a comprehensive suite of tracers, including carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen/nitrogen ratio (O2:N2), carbon dioxide isotopomers (13CO2:12CO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N2O), molecular hydrogen (H2), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), carbonyl sulfide (COS), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and selected hydrocarbons. HIPPO will transect the mid-Pacific ocean and return over North and South America. The scientific questions motivating HIPPO focus on understanding the global carbon cycle, on defining large-scale rates of tracer transport in the troposphere and in the tropical tropopause layer, and on understanding tracer sources and sinks globally. HIPPO is intended to provide publicly available global data sets for a large suite of atmospheric tracers. It is planned to compare these data to the output of models used to assess the global distribution of sources and sinks of CO2. Additional modelers will be engaged to stimulate creative and effective application of these data.