Design and Synthesis of Non-equilibrium Systems

非平衡系统的设计与综合

• 批准号: 1308107
• 负责人: J Fraser Stoddart
• 金额: $ 45万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1308107&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Design; Synthesis; Non; equilibrium; Systems

In this project funded by the Macromolecular, Supramolecular and Nanochemistry Program of the Chemistry Division, J. Fraser Stoddart of Northwestern University will develop the chemistry of artificial molecular machines (AMMs) that (1) are capable of moving away from thermal equilibrium under the influence of a stimulus and (2) can perform work. Initial investigations will focus on devising a prototypical supramolecular system that can consume fuel, resulting in the relative unidirectional motion of its constituent parts. Some of the energy output of such a system may be captured by developing a way to trap the components in a high energy state. The approach to this objective involves capturing a ring component around a molecular thread and then using the stimulus to move the ring along the thread. By embedding such a "molecular pump" into a membrane, an artificial transmembrane ion pump potentially could be developed, which would perform a function reminiscent of the cellular membrane transport of nature's molecular machines. The broader impacts involve giving the project participants an opportunity to work on highly interdisciplinary research that enables the pursuit of grand scientific challenges. Undergraduate students will benefit from exposure to the interdisciplinary science under the tutelage of experienced researchers. This research aims to produce molecular scale systems that can perform work on their surroundings, or rather, "artificial molecular machines." Outside of biological systems, which can perform very sophisticated functions, there are presently few examples of such molecular machinery. This project will increase our knowledge about how to design complex molecules that can use chemical energy to perform useful functions. Such research holds the key to devising new types of molecules that can behave like muscle fibers or enzymes, addressable nanomaterials, nanorobots, and possibly more.

在这个由化学系的大分子，超分子和纳米化学项目资助的项目中，西北大学的J. Fraser Stoddart将开发人工分子机器（AMM）的化学，（1）能够在刺激的影响下远离热平衡，（2）可以执行工作。初步研究将集中在设计一个原型的超分子系统，可以消耗燃料，导致其组成部分的相对单向运动。这种系统的一些能量输出可以通过开发一种将组分捕获在高能量状态的方法来捕获。实现这一目标的方法包括捕获分子线周围的环组分，然后使用刺激使环沿着线移动。通过将这样的“分子泵”嵌入膜中，可以潜在地开发人工跨膜离子泵，其将执行使人想起自然分子机器的细胞膜运输的功能。更广泛的影响包括为项目参与者提供一个从事高度跨学科研究的机会，从而能够追求重大的科学挑战。本科生将受益于在经验丰富的研究人员的指导下接触跨学科科学。这项研究的目的是生产分子规模的系统，可以执行工作的环境，或者更确切地说，“人造分子机器。“在可以执行非常复杂功能的生物系统之外，目前很少有这样的分子机器的例子。 这个项目将增加我们关于如何设计复杂分子的知识，这些分子可以使用化学能来执行有用的功能。 这些研究是设计新型分子的关键，这些分子可以像肌肉纤维或酶，可寻址纳米材料，纳米机器人等等。