DISSERATION RESEARCH: Geomicrobiology of manganese oxide-depositing hot springs in Yellowstone National Park

论文研究：黄石国家公园氧化锰沉积温泉的地球微生物学

• 批准号: 1311616
• 负责人: Bradley Tebo
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: Oregon Health & Science University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2014-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1311616&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERATION; RESEARCH; Geomicrobiology; manganese; oxide

Manganese (Mn) is an element often overlooked with respect to its potential importance in biogeochemical cycles, metabolic processes, and the biomolecular history of the Earth. Mn undoubtedly played an important role during Earth?s transition from an anoxic to an oxic planet being the key catalyst in oxygenic photosynthesis as well as the metal cofactor for key enzymes involved in oxygen metabolism. In this project we propose to study an active Mn oxide-depositing hot spring in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) as a possible analog of early Earth. In most contemporary near neutral pH environments Mn-oxidizing microorganisms are believed to be the primary catalysts for Mn oxide formation. Such Mn-oxidizing microorganisms typically encase themselves with Mn oxide minerals producing distinct structures that may be preserved in geologic deposits. While molecular oxygen is required for Mn-oxidation, only trace amounts are needed, because the source of reduced Mn is from oxygen depleted environments. Mn oxidizing microorganisms are thus typically found in the transition zone between the oxic and anoxic regions. Preliminary results of the Ph.D. graduate student this project supports has revealed the presence of ancient and unique Bacterial lineages and the occurrence of Archaea in one of the YNP hot springs. Research will characterize this hot spring ecosystem examining the water chemistry, Mn mineral deposits, microbial mats/biofilms and microbial diversity and functionality in an effort to gain a better understanding of these novel microbial communities their metabolic basis of growth and survival in the hot spring. Approaches will employ geological, chemical, microscopic, microbiological and molecular microbial ecological methods.This research will expand our knowledge of microbial biodiversity and the evolution of life on Earth, including the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis, and may lead to the discovery of novel metabolisms and unique enzymes of potential biotechnological application. The research may also lead to new approaches for interpreting Earth?s geological record and the formation of manganese ore deposits. The project expands the graduate student training of a Native American student in environmental chemistry, analytical electron microscopy and molecular microbial ecology including molecular methods for analyzing the entire genomes of microbial communities and their activities.

锰（Mn）是一种经常被忽视的元素，它在地球的地球化学循环，代谢过程和生物分子历史中具有潜在的重要性。Mn无疑在地球上扮演了重要的角色？地球从缺氧到缺氧的转变是有氧光合作用的关键催化剂，也是参与氧代谢的关键酶的金属辅因子。在这个项目中，我们建议研究一个活跃的锰氧化物沉积温泉在黄石国家公园（YNP）作为一个可能的模拟早期地球。在大多数当代近中性pH环境中，Mn氧化微生物被认为是Mn氧化物形成的主要催化剂。这种锰氧化微生物通常用锰氧化物矿物包裹自身，产生可以保存在地质沉积物中的独特结构。虽然Mn氧化需要分子氧，但仅需要痕量，因为还原Mn的来源来自氧耗尽的环境。因此，Mn氧化微生物通常存在于好氧和缺氧区域之间的过渡区中。 博士的初步结果。该项目支持的研究生揭示了古老而独特的细菌谱系的存在，以及YNP温泉之一中出现的细菌。 研究将表征这个温泉生态系统，检查水化学，锰矿床，微生物垫/生物膜和微生物多样性和功能，以更好地了解这些新的微生物群落，它们在温泉中生长和生存的代谢基础。 研究方法将采用地质学、化学、显微镜、微生物和分子微生物生态学方法，这一研究将扩大我们对微生物生物多样性和地球上生命进化的认识，包括含氧光合作用的进化，并可能导致发现具有潜在生物技术应用价值的新型代谢和独特酶。这项研究也可能导致新的方法来解释地球？的地质记录与锰矿床的形成。 该项目扩大了一名美国土著学生在环境化学，分析电子显微镜和分子微生物生态学方面的研究生培训，包括分析微生物群落及其活动的整个基因组的分子方法。