CNH: Diversity and Disease in a Post-Trauma Urban Landscape

CNH：创伤后城市景观中的多样性和疾病

• 批准号: 1313703
• 负责人: Michael Blum
• 金额: $ 141.04万
• 依托单位: Tulane University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2019-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1313703&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; Diversity; Disease; Post; Trauma

This interdisciplinary research project will focus on ecological and socioeconomic processes following the catastrophic flooding in New Orleans associated with Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. Urban landscapes are excellent settings within which to examine interactions ecological and human communities. Urban areas that have experienced a traumatic event can be highly tractable systems for studying potential parallels between ecological and socioeconomic systems as well as feedbacks among them. With acute trauma resulting in an initial state change, the assembly and reassembly of proximate or coincident urban ecological and human communities can be a coupled dynamic, where outcomes are contingent on responses to common forcing factors or interactions arising from management interventions. The catastrophic flooding of New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina resulted in a natural laboratory for investigating assembly and reassembly of coupled natural and human systems. The investigators will determine the extent to which ecological and socioeconomic diversity exhibited parallel responses to Katrina-related flooding. They also will examine how interventions executed as public health measures shaped relationships and interactions between ecological and socioeconomic diversity. They will conduct geographic information system-based analyses of landscape heterogeneity and socioeconomic variation before and after Hurricane Katrina as well as plot-based inventories of post-Katrina plant communities while accounting for flooding and socioeconomic stratification. They will examine the ecology and demography of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), a habitat-dependent primary reservoir of zoonotic pathogens, in order to understand human health outcomes of flooding. This facet of the research will involve a trap-based census; population genetic analysis of abundance and dispersal, and histological analysis of pathogen prevalence. Mail surveys and in-person interviews of households proximate to plant inventory and trapping sites as well as households in four neighborhoods having different income and ethnicity characteristics will be administered to determine how perceptions of risk compare to physical measures of exposure risk across the city. Information gained from these studies will be integrated into a spatially explicit predictive model of Norway rat demography to assess ecological and human-health outcomes of alternative control scenarios reflecting habitat suitability, movement, and risk perceptions.Trauma can have enduring consequences on environments and societies. Understanding the interplay between ecological and human communities will better prepare societies to anticipate and manage trauma inflicted by catastrophic events. This project will help catalyze conceptual unification of disparate fields of research on the composition, assembly, and structure of communities, and it will generate new information and insights needed to foster and inform societal action at a time when unprecedented resources are being invested to rebuild New Orleans. By involving community partners, cross-university academic and public outreach programs will provide opportunities to promote awareness of trauma, diversity, and public health across stakeholder and underrepresented groups in the city. With urbanization placing an increasingly greater proportion of the global population at risk because of catastrophic events, lessons about the traumas experienced by New Orleans will provide new knowledge of scholarly and practical value to residents and decision makers in communities around the world. This project is supported by the NSF Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems (CNH) Program.

该跨学科研究项目将重点关注于2005年8月与卡特里娜飓风相关的新奥尔良灾难性洪水之后的生态和社会经济过程。城市景观是研究互动生态和人类社区的绝佳环境。 经历过创伤事件的城市地区可能是高度可牵引的系统，用于研究生态和社会经济系统之间的潜在相似之处，以及其中的反馈。 随着急性创伤导致最初的状态变化，近端或重合城市生态和人类社区的组装和重新组装可能是一种耦合的动态，在这种动态上，结果取决于对常见强迫因素或由管理干预措施产生的互动的反应。 卡特里娜飓风后，新奥尔良的灾难性洪水导致了一个自然实验室，用于调查组装和重新组装自然和人类系统。 研究人员将确定生态和社会经济多样性对卡特里娜飓风相关的洪水的平行反应程度。 他们还将研究如何作为公共卫生措施执行的干预措施塑造了生态和社会经济多样性之间的关系以及相互作用。 他们将对卡特里娜飓风前后的景观异质性和社会经济变化进行基于地理信息系统的分析，以及基于情节后卡特里娜飓风植物社区的库存，同时考虑洪水和社会经济分层。 他们将研究挪威大鼠（Rattus Norvegicus）的生态和人口统计学，这是一个依赖人畜共患病原体的栖息地原发性储藏，以了解人类的健康状况。 研究的这一方面将涉及基于陷阱的人口普查。人口丰度和分散的遗传分析以及病原体患病率的组织学分析。 邮件调查和面对面的访谈将对有种植的库存和捕获地点以及四个具有不同收入和种族特征不同的社区的家庭进行，以确定风险的看法与整个城市的暴露风险相比。 从这些研究中获得的信息将被整合到挪威大鼠人口统计学上的空间明确的预测模型中，以评估反映栖息地适合性，运动和风险感知的替代控制场景的生态和人类健康结果。图营可以对环境和社会产生持久的后果。 了解生态和人类社区之间的相互作用将更好地准备社会，以预测和管理灾难性事件造成的创伤。 该项目将有助于催化有关社区组成，组装和结构的不同研究领域的概念统一，并在投资前所未有的资源来重建新奥尔良时，将产生促进和促进社会行动所需的新信息和见解。 通过与社区合作伙伴有关，跨大学的学术和公共推广计划将提供机会，以促进该市利益相关者和代表性不足的团体的创伤，多样性和公共卫生的认识。 由于灾难性事件，城市化将越来越多的全球人口置于危险之中，有关新奥尔良经历的创伤的教训将为世界各地社区的居民和决策者提供有关学术和实践价值的新知识。 该项目得到了耦合自然和人类系统（CNH）计划的NSF动力学支持。