CNH: Diversity and Disease in a Post-Trauma Urban Landscape

CNH：创伤后城市景观中的多样性和疾病

• 批准号: 1313703
• 负责人: Michael Blum
• 金额: $ 141.04万
• 依托单位: Tulane University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2019-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1313703&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; Diversity; Disease; Post; Trauma

This interdisciplinary research project will focus on ecological and socioeconomic processes following the catastrophic flooding in New Orleans associated with Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. Urban landscapes are excellent settings within which to examine interactions ecological and human communities. Urban areas that have experienced a traumatic event can be highly tractable systems for studying potential parallels between ecological and socioeconomic systems as well as feedbacks among them. With acute trauma resulting in an initial state change, the assembly and reassembly of proximate or coincident urban ecological and human communities can be a coupled dynamic, where outcomes are contingent on responses to common forcing factors or interactions arising from management interventions. The catastrophic flooding of New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina resulted in a natural laboratory for investigating assembly and reassembly of coupled natural and human systems. The investigators will determine the extent to which ecological and socioeconomic diversity exhibited parallel responses to Katrina-related flooding. They also will examine how interventions executed as public health measures shaped relationships and interactions between ecological and socioeconomic diversity. They will conduct geographic information system-based analyses of landscape heterogeneity and socioeconomic variation before and after Hurricane Katrina as well as plot-based inventories of post-Katrina plant communities while accounting for flooding and socioeconomic stratification. They will examine the ecology and demography of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), a habitat-dependent primary reservoir of zoonotic pathogens, in order to understand human health outcomes of flooding. This facet of the research will involve a trap-based census; population genetic analysis of abundance and dispersal, and histological analysis of pathogen prevalence. Mail surveys and in-person interviews of households proximate to plant inventory and trapping sites as well as households in four neighborhoods having different income and ethnicity characteristics will be administered to determine how perceptions of risk compare to physical measures of exposure risk across the city. Information gained from these studies will be integrated into a spatially explicit predictive model of Norway rat demography to assess ecological and human-health outcomes of alternative control scenarios reflecting habitat suitability, movement, and risk perceptions.Trauma can have enduring consequences on environments and societies. Understanding the interplay between ecological and human communities will better prepare societies to anticipate and manage trauma inflicted by catastrophic events. This project will help catalyze conceptual unification of disparate fields of research on the composition, assembly, and structure of communities, and it will generate new information and insights needed to foster and inform societal action at a time when unprecedented resources are being invested to rebuild New Orleans. By involving community partners, cross-university academic and public outreach programs will provide opportunities to promote awareness of trauma, diversity, and public health across stakeholder and underrepresented groups in the city. With urbanization placing an increasingly greater proportion of the global population at risk because of catastrophic events, lessons about the traumas experienced by New Orleans will provide new knowledge of scholarly and practical value to residents and decision makers in communities around the world. This project is supported by the NSF Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems (CNH) Program.

这个跨学科研究项目将重点关注 2005 年 8 月卡特里娜飓风在新奥尔良造成的灾难性洪水之后的生态和社会经济过程。城市景观是研究生态和人类社区相互作用的绝佳环境。 经历过创伤性事件的城市地区可以成为非常容易处理的系统，用于研究生态系统和社会经济系统之间的潜在相似之处以及它们之间的反馈。 由于急性创伤导致初始状态变化，邻近或重合的城市生态和人类社区的组装和重组可能是一种耦合动态，其结果取决于对共同强迫因素或管理干预产生的相互作用的反应。 卡特里娜飓风后新奥尔良发生的灾难性洪水催生了一个自然实验室，用于研究自然和人类耦合系统的组装和重新组装。 研究人员将确定生态和社会经济多样性在多大程度上对卡特里娜飓风相关的洪水表现出平行反应。 他们还将研究作为公共卫生措施执行的干预措施如何塑造生态和社会经济多样性之间的关系和相互作用。 他们将对卡特里娜飓风前后的景观异质性和社会经济变化进行基于地理信息系统的分析，并对卡特里娜飓风后的植物群落进行基于地块的清查，同时考虑到洪水和社会经济分层。 他们将研究挪威鼠（Rattusnorvegicus）的生态学和人口统计学，挪威鼠是一种依赖栖息地的人畜共患病病原体的主要储存库，以了解洪水对人类健康的影响。 这方面的研究将涉及基于陷阱的普查；丰度和扩散的群体遗传分析，以及病原体流行的组织学分析。 将对植物库存和诱捕地点附近的家庭以及具有不同收入和种族特征的四个社区的家庭进行邮寄调查和面对面访谈，以确定风险认知与全市暴露风险的实际测量结果的比较。 从这些研究中获得的信息将被整合到挪威大鼠人口统计的空间明确预测模型中，以评估反映栖息地适宜性、运动和风险认知的替代控制方案的生态和人类健康结果。创伤可能对环境和社会产生持久的影响。 了解生态和人类社区之间的相互作用将使社会更好地预测和管理灾难性事件造成的创伤。 该项目将有助于促进关于社区的组成、组装和结构的不同研究领域的概念统一，并且在投入前所未有的资源重建新奥尔良之际，它将产生促进和指导社会行动所需的新信息和见解。 通过社区合作伙伴的参与，跨大学的学术和公共外展项目将为提高城市利益相关者和代表性不足群体对创伤、多样性和公共卫生的认识提供机会。 随着城市化使全球越来越多的人口因灾难性事件而面临风险，新奥尔良经历的创伤的教训将为世界各地社区的居民和决策者提供具有学术和实用价值的新知识。 该项目得到了 NSF 自然与人类耦合系统动力学 (CNH) 计划的支持。