Collaborative Research: A Bioarchaeological and Biogeochemical Approach to Understanding the Intersection of Social Identities and Local Biologies in the Context of Childhood

在西班牙裔之前的安第斯山脉，就像在许多地区一样，在日常生活的许多方面，国家和地方社区的相对重要性之间存在着紧张关系。为了更好地了解安第斯山脉的国家级组织及其对过去生活体验的影响，这个合作项目将测试安第斯山脉中南部地平线(约公元500-1100)提瓦纳库政体中多元化与集中化控制的模式。这项研究以“地方生物学”的理论框架为基础，探讨了提瓦纳库政体在儿童社会化以及性别和种族等社会认同的形成和维持中的相对作用。这些问题是通过在秘鲁莫夸加和玻利维亚蒂瓦纳库以及美国佛蒙特大学和亚利桑那州立大学进行了三年的生物考古和生物地球化学数据收集和分析来解决的。该项目还将系统地汇编分散在美国和海外多个机构档案中的现有信息数据库。通过该项目产生的数据将促进生物考古学和考古化学领域的发展，以及对过去和现在的童年的更广泛的了解。该项目的更广泛影响包括对来自美国、秘鲁和玻利维亚的学生和专业人员的教育和培训。项目成员将参与研究过程的每个阶段，并获得技能，使他们能够将这些知识应用于自己的研究。更广泛地说，这项研究为儿童的社会和生物结构的复杂性提供了一个长期的视角，特别是那些影响儿童和产妇健康的结构。最后，该项目将与来自四个不同国家的两名女性董事和研究人员一起，将多样性纳入其教育和研究项目。通过建立新的国际合作，并将不同的专业人士和学生纳入研究，该项目将创建一个反映全球人口的科学社区，并将培养未来的学者在这样的环境中茁壮成长。

In the pre-Hispanic Andes, as in many regions, there is a tension between the relative importance of state and local communities in many aspects of everyday life. To better understand state-level organization in the Andes and its impact on lived experiences in the past, this collaborative project will test models of pluralism versus centralized control in the Middle Horizon (ca. AD 500-1100) Tiwanaku polity of the South Central Andes. Using the theoretical framework of 'local biologies,' which acknowledges that individuals are shaped by local environmental factors as well as culturally specific beliefs, this research project examines the relative role of the Tiwanaku polity in socialization of children and the formation and maintenance of social identities, like gender and ethnicity. These questions are addressed through three years of bioarchaeological and biogeochemical data collection and analysis in Moquegua, Peru, and Tiwanaku, Bolivia, and at the University of Vermont and Arizona State University in the United States. The project also will systematically compile a database of existing information dispersed in archives at multiple institutions in the United States and abroad. The data generated through this project will advance the fields of bioarchaeology and archaeological chemistry, as well as more general understandings of childhood in the past and present. Broader impacts of this project include the education and training of students and professionals from the United States, Peru, and Bolivia. Project members will participate in each stage of the research process and gain skills allowing them to apply this knowledge to their own research. More generally, this research provides a long-term perspective on the complexities of social and biological constructions of childhood, particularly those impacting child and maternal health. Finally, the project will integrate diversity into its education and research programs with two female directors and researchers from four different countries. By creating new international collaborations and integrating diverse professionals and students into the research, the project will create a scientific community that reflects the global population and will train future scholars to thrive in such an environment.