Doctoral Dissertation Research: Death and Survival in a Pandemic: A Bioarchaeological Investigation of Frailty and Resilience

博士论文研究：大流行中的死亡和生存：脆弱性和复原力的生物考古学调查

• 批准号: 1947214
• 负责人: Jane Buikstra
• 金额: $ 0.4万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-03-15 至 2023-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1947214&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Death; Survival

This dissertation explores how human biological variation influenced the risk of death and survival in a major influenza pandemic. The researchers examine human skeletal remains of people who died during an influenza pandemic to understand how frailty (defined as the increased likelihood of disease and death) and resilience impacted the risk of mortality. In addition to increasing scientific knowledge of biological vulnerability, this project will help researchers understand how social norms create inequalities that directly impact health and mortality. The researchers will collect public health data on underrepresented groups, creating valuable information on how influenza incidence and severity may vary in marginalized populations. This project will therefore contribute to the goals of Healthy People 2020, a government initiative to improve the health of all Americans. This project will identify risk factors that increased a person’s risk of dying in a past influenza pandemic, helping scientists predict how a future influenza outbreak may affect modern populations. This research will provide a female first-generation college student with training in a STEM field, laboratory methods, and statistics, as well as additional opportunities for her to collaborate with scholars in other fields.It seems obvious that a person who is frail should always be more likely to die than someone who is healthy and resilient. However, during the Spanish Influenza pandemic of 1918, young adults between the ages of 20-40 were among the most likely to die. There are many theories as to why seemingly healthy young adults died in record numbers during this pandemic, however no one has questioned whether the young people were actually healthy. Was there some underlying frailty in these individuals or was the pandemic truly killing resilient people? This project will explore the factors that influenced mortality and survival in the 1918 pandemic by answering the following questions: 1) Were frail individuals more likely to die during the Spanish Influenza pandemic? 2) Were more resilient individuals more likely to survive the Spanish Influenza pandemic? 3) Do demographic factors such as age, sex, and race influence frailty and resilience? Human skeletal remains from the Hamann-Todd collection, an assemblage of individuals who died in Cleveland, Ohio, during the 1918 pandemic will be examined for skeletal markers of frailty and resilience. These data will be analyzed using a type of statistical analyses called hazards analysis that shows how the risk of death changes over time in response to certain circumstances. The results will show how the risk of death varied during the pandemic in individuals who were frail versus those who were resilient.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

本文探讨了人类生物学变异如何影响重大影响的死亡和生存的风险。研究人员检查了在影响者大流行期间死亡的人的人类骨骼遗体，以了解脆弱性（定义为疾病和死亡的可能性增加）和韧性影响了死亡率的风险。除了增加对生物学脆弱性的科学知识外，该项目还将帮助研究人员了解社会规范如何造成直接影响健康和死亡率的不平等现象。研究人员将收集有关代表性不足的群体的公共卫生数据，从而创建有关影响率和严重性在边缘化人群中如何变化的有价值的信息。因此，该项目将有助于2020年健康人的目标，这是一项政府旨在改善所有美国人健康的倡议。该项目将确定危险因素增加了一个人在过去的影响力大流行中死亡的风险，帮助科学家预测未来影响可能会爆发如何影响现代人群。这项研究将为一名女性第一代大学生提供STEM领域，实验室方法和统计数据的培训，以及她与其他领域的学者合作的其他机会。这似乎很明显，一个脆弱的人应该比健康和抵抗力的人更容易死去。但是，在1918年西班牙流感大流行期间，最有可能死亡的年轻人在20-40岁之间。关于为什么看似健康的年轻人在这个大流行期间以创纪录的数量死亡的原因有很多理论，但是没有人质疑年轻人是否真的很健康。这些人是否有一些潜在的脆弱性，还是大流行真正杀死了韧性的人？该项目将通过回答以下问题来探讨影响1918年大流行的死亡率和生存的因素：1）在西班牙流感大流行期间，脆弱的个体是否更有可能死亡？ 2）更有弹性的个体是否更有可能在西班牙流感大流行中生存？ 3）年龄，性别和种族等人口因素是否会影响脆弱和韧性？ Hamann-Todd系列中的人类骨骼残留物，这是1918年大流行期间在俄亥俄州克利夫兰去世的个人的组合，以获取脆弱和弹性的骨骼标记。这些数据将使用称为“危害分析”的统计分析进行分析，该分析表明死亡风险随着时间的流逝而响应某些情况而变化。结果将表明，在大流行期间与弹性的人相对于那些脆弱的人，死亡的风险在大流行期间如何变化。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准来评估值得支持。

项目成果

Missing data in bioarchaeology I: A review of the literature

• DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24609
• 发表时间: 2022-08-23
• 期刊: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
• 作者: Wissler, Amanda;Blevins, Kelly E.;Buikstra, Jane E.
• 通讯作者: Buikstra, Jane E.

Frailty and survival in the 1918 influenza pandemic

1918 年流感大流行中的虚弱与生存

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304545120
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
• 作者: Wissler, Amanda;DeWitte, Sharon N.
• 通讯作者: DeWitte, Sharon N.

Demographic and evolutionary consequences of pandemic diseases

• DOI: 10.5744/bi.2020.0024
• 发表时间: 2022-01-01
• 期刊: Bioarchaeol. Int.
• 作者: Dewitte, S.N.;Wissler, A.
• 通讯作者: Wissler, A.