The Hymenoptera Ontology: Part of a Transformation in Systematic and Genome Science

锯蝇、蚂蚁、蜜蜂、黄蜂（膜翅目昆虫）组成了一个非常多样化的昆虫谱系，有超过11.5万种已被描述的物种，还有可能有100万种尚未被发现。这些昆虫作为传粉者、拟寄生物、食草动物发挥着重要作用，并作为社会行为、生理学、物种形成遗传学研究和探索寄主与寄生虫相互作用的模型。这些生物所表现出的巨大的解剖学多样性，加上大量不同的研究和研究者的怪癖，产生了许多描述膜翅目解剖学的同时和部分重叠的词汇。因此，几个世纪以来的膜翅目昆虫研究仍然被不一致的术语所笼罩（例如，“annellus”用于两种不同的头部结构和男性生殖器的一部分）。该项目将把膜翅目研究人员聚集在一起，建立一个共识的结构化词汇（膜翅目解剖本体），1)能够从出版物中发现研究结果，2)使分类学家能够有效地描述/诊断物种，3)为政策制定者、农民、土地管理者和公众提供更好的信息获取途径。将开发工具，使合作者能够虚拟地为任何一组物种建立本体，同时使这些数据通过基于web的解剖图谱和应用程序编程接口对研究界有用；所有软件都将是开源的（http://purl.oclc.org/NET/hymontology）.Three博士后和三名学生将接受一个新兴领域的培训：进化生物学的本体论。

Sawflies, ants, bees, wasps (Hymenoptera) comprise an extraordinarily diverse lineage of insects, with more than 115,000 described species and likely 1,000,000 species yet to be discovered. These insects serve critical roles as pollinators, parasitoids, herbivores, and as models for research on social behavior, physiology, speciation genetics, and to explore parasite-host interactions. The vast anatomical diversity exhibited by these organisms, coupled with a large body of disparate research and the eccentricities of investigators, yields numerous concurrent and only partially overlapping vocabularies that describe Hymenoptera anatomy. Centuries of Hymenoptera research, therefore, remain clouded by inconsistent terminology (for example, 'annellus' is used for two different head structures and for a part of the male genitalia).This project will bring Hymenoptera researchers together to build a consensus structured vocabulary (the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology) that 1) enables discovery of research results from publications, 2) empowers taxonomists to efficiently describe/ diagnose species and 3) provide improved access to information for policy makers, farmers, land managers and the general public. Tools will be developed that allow collaborators to virtually build ontologies for any group of species, while making these data useful to the research community via a Web-based anatomical atlas and application programming interface; all software will be open source (http://purl.oclc.org/NET/hymontology).Three postdocs and three students will receive training in an emergingfield: ontologies in evolutionary biology.