Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Technological Innovation in the Upper Great Lakes

博士论文改进补助金：五大湖上游的技术创新

• 批准号: 1321751
• 负责人: Sissel Schroeder
• 金额: $ 2.52万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-05-15 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1321751&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Technological

Under the supervision of Dr. Sissel Schroeder, Heather Walder will conduct new analyses of existing artifact collections from approximately thirty-five Native American village sites in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Illinois that were occupied between roughly AD 1630 and 1730. This time of early interactions among the Upper Great Lakes region's original inhabitants, displaced Native newcomers, and European explorers resulted in hybridized, multiethnic communities that persisted into the French Colonial period. Ms. Walder is investigating several important aspects of this socially, economically, and politically dynamic period: 1) changes through time in the material practices and performance of social identity as expressed in personal ornaments; 2) regional variation in the technologies used to transform European materials, such as copper-based kettles, into adornments; and 3) spatial and temporal patterns in the chemical composition of glass beads, which reflect the extent and timing of glass bead trade in the region. Studying the production and exchange of socially-meaningful adornments will help to clarify the beginnings of global-scale interaction and trade from the standpoint of technology and material culture. This project contributes to recent theoretical discussions of identity in cultural contact and early colonial situations. In contrast with the Northeast or island settings like colonial Hawaii, where early contact was more sustained, the Upper Great Lakes region experienced infrequent and intermittent early European contacts, allowing it to be examined as a locale of historically documented hybridity and multi-ethnicity. The primary methods that Ms. Walder will apply are physical attribute analysis of copper-based metal ornaments and chemical compositional analysis of glass beads. By comparing the find-spots of chemically similar glass beads to the distribution of contemporaneous archaeological sites and discrete Native occupation areas as labeled on historic maps, it may be possible to determine if socially distinct groups had access to different European materials or if access patterns changed through time. Attribute analysis of metal ornaments and waste fragments that result from their manufacture will allow the comparison of metal-working practices of different contemporary social groups, in order to understand if or how social identity influences the ornament production process. Ms. Walder's research demonstrates the potential value of investigating unpublished or under-published collections using relatively new analysis methods that were not used or were unavailable for earlier studies. This research will produce an on-line data set useful for anthropologists worldwide who are engaged in the study of cultures in contact and the beginnings of the colonial world. Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and through public presentations in various venues throughout the Midwest. Broader impacts of this research include updating of museum curation strategies and interpretive displays and involving descendant communities in the research process. While working with the museum collections, Ms. Walder will organize and digitize original field notes, locate missing artifact information, repackage artifacts in dire need of conservation, assist curators in the identification of historic artifacts, and collaborate with curators to ensure continued research accessibility to the collections. Updated interpretive displays that present the results of Ms. Walder's study are planned at several curating institutions, including the Madeline Island Museum and Rock Island State Park. Finally, this research project will foster relationships and collaborations with descendant Meskwaki, Menominee, and Ho-Chunk community members in the Midwest.

在Sissel Schroeder博士的指导下，Heather Walder将对来自威斯康星州、密歇根州和伊利诺伊州约35个印第安人村庄的现有文物藏品进行新的分析，这些遗址大约在公元1630年至1730年之间被占领。这段时间，上五大湖地区的原始居民、流离失所的新移民和欧洲探险家之间的早期互动导致了杂交的、多民族的社区，这种社区一直持续到法国殖民时期。瓦尔德女士正在研究这个社会、经济和政治动态时期的几个重要方面：1)个人饰品所表达的物质实践和社会身份表现随着时间的变化而变化；2)将欧洲材料（如铜基水壶）转化为装饰品的技术存在地区差异；3)玻璃珠化学成分的时空格局，反映了区域内玻璃珠贸易的规模和时间。研究具有社会意义的装饰品的生产和交换将有助于从技术和物质文化的角度阐明全球规模的互动和贸易的起源。这个项目有助于最近关于文化接触和早期殖民情况下的身份的理论讨论。与早期接触更为持续的东北部或岛屿环境（如殖民时期的夏威夷）相比，上五大湖地区经历了不频繁和断断续续的早期欧洲人接触，这使得它被视为一个历史上记载的混杂和多种族的地方。沃尔德女士将采用的主要方法是铜基金属饰品的物理属性分析和玻璃珠的化学成分分析。通过将化学成分相似的玻璃珠的发现点与同时期考古遗址的分布以及历史地图上标注的离散的土著占领区进行比较，可能会确定不同的社会群体是否接触过不同的欧洲材料，或者接触方式是否随着时间的推移而改变。通过对金属饰品及其制造过程中产生的废旧碎片的属性分析，可以比较当代不同社会群体的金属加工实践，从而了解社会身份是否或如何影响饰品的生产过程。Walder女士的研究表明，使用相对较新的分析方法调查未发表或未充分发表的藏品的潜在价值，这些方法在早期研究中没有使用或无法使用。这项研究将产生一个在线数据集，对全世界从事接触文化研究和殖民世界起源的人类学家有用。研究结果将在同行评议的出版物中传播，并通过在中西部不同场所的公开演讲进行传播。这项研究的广泛影响包括更新博物馆策展策略和解释性展示，并将后代社区纳入研究过程。在处理博物馆藏品的同时，瓦尔德女士将整理和数字化原始的实地记录，寻找丢失的文物信息，重新包装急需保护的文物，协助策展人识别历史文物，并与策展人合作，确保藏品的持续研究可及性。几家策展机构计划在马德琳岛博物馆（Madeline Island Museum）和岩岛州立公园（Rock Island State Park）等机构展出最新的解释性展览，展示瓦尔德的研究成果。最后，这个研究项目将促进关系和合作与后裔Meskwaki，梅诺米尼，和Ho-Chunk社区成员在中西部。