Community Response and Resilience to the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake

作为历史记录中最大的欧洲地震事件，1755年里斯本地震成为现代社会缓解和管理潜在灾难性事件方式的后续变化的催化剂。这一催化合作项目涉及美国和葡萄牙的研究人员，将利用葡萄牙数百个教区的当代报告，探索18世纪葡萄牙社区对这一事件的反应，这些报告描述了神职人员、军队和政府成员如何应对这场灾难。研究中的社区特征可从葡萄牙国家档案馆保存的其他当代资料中获得，这些资料与这项工作的其他资料一起保存在葡萄牙国家档案馆。将开展更多研究，以确定葡萄牙政府在会后使用的灾后评估工具(如调查)的发展和部署情况。将使用定性和定量相结合的方法(如内容分析和统计数据建模)，为研究中的数据提供背景，并能够检验研究假设。这项研究预计将根据目前对1755年里斯本地震影响的理解，通过考虑社区响应活动来促进对人类对灾难的反应的理解。它将有助于研究如何根据受影响社区的特点和灾害本身的特点来制定灾害应对决策。因此，它将对当前的社区复原力理论提出一个有历史根据的批评，并预计将查明改善当前社区对灾害的反应的机会和限制。最后，预计它将提供工具和技术，用于对深深植根于历史记录的灾害相关数据进行分析。

As the largest European seismic event in the historical record, the 1755 Lisbon earthquake served as the catalyst for subsequent changes in how modern societies mitigate and manage potentially catastrophic events. This catalytic collaborative project, involving researchers based in the US and Portugal, will explore the response of communities in 18th century Portugal to this event, drawing upon contemporary reports from hundreds of parishes in Portugal which describe how members of the clergy, military and government responded to the disaster. Characteristics of the communities under study are available from additional contemporary sources which, along with other sources for this work, are held in the Portuguese National Archives. Additional research will be undertaken to characterize the development and deployment of post-disaster assessment tools (such as surveys) used by the Portuguese government following the event. Combined qualitative and quantitative methods (such as content analysis and statistical data modeling) will be used to provide a context for the data under study and to enable testing of research hypotheses.This research is expected to advance understanding of human response to disaster by considering community response activities in light of current understanding of the effects of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. It will contribute to research on how disaster response decision making may be shaped by characteristics both of affected communities and of the disaster itself. It will thus provide an historically grounded critique of current theories of community resilience, and is expected to identify opportunities and limitations to improving the response of current communities to disaster. Finally, it is expected to contribute tools and techniques for undertaking analysis of disaster-related data that are embedded deep in the historical record.