SBIR Phase II: Combining Fungal Metabolites and Fungal Insect Pathogens for Cost Effective Control of Bark Beetles in Forestry

这个小企业创新研究（SBIR）第二阶段项目建议开发用于控制林业小蠹的真菌生物杀虫剂。 树皮甲虫很难控制。 由于生命周期主要在树皮下，因此暴露于杀虫剂仅限于成虫寻找新宿主树木的短期内。 山松甲虫（MPB），最具破坏性的物种之一，控制仅限于持久性化学杀虫剂和信息素驱避剂。 化学杀虫剂的健康和环境问题限制了其使用;信息素可以保护单个树木，但不能杀死甲虫。 第一阶段的配方，应用方法和持久性的发现表明，安全，环境友好的真菌病原体球孢白僵菌可以在功效和成本上与化学杀虫剂竞争。 天然生物化学物质，抑制无聊和增加接触病原体孢子显示出增强产品的前景。 第二阶段的目标是：1）将一种真菌病原体引入商业化; 2）开发改良的真菌病原体菌株和/或钻孔威慑物; 3）分离用于其他小蠹的病原体菌株。田间试验将为MPB控制中的使用建议提供基础。新的真菌病原体和持续发展的钻孔威慑将扩大MPB控制策略和开发产品对其他beetlespecies.The更广泛的影响/商业潜力，这个项目，如果成功的话，将是创新的生物方法来解决本地和引进树皮甲虫的爆发。 气候变化和全球商业正在推动前所未有规模的疫情爆发。 树皮甲虫的爆发正在破坏森林和城市树木，并影响木材价值，城市土地价值和森林公共土地的美学。 第二阶段将有助于了解真菌病原体的寄主范围在不同属的小蠹和非靶标昆虫。 使用真菌或树木衍生的生物化学钻孔抑制剂来增加真菌病原体效力代表了开发成本有效的、更广泛有用的林业生物杀虫剂的重要技术创新。 目前MPB的爆发正在破坏西部的森林。 第二阶段将提供一种新的工具，用于保护高价值公共娱乐区、私人林地和城市景观中的树木免受MPB攻击。 一种安全和环境友好的真菌生物杀虫剂将使新的战略，更广泛的管理MPB。 树皮甲虫是一个大的，越来越多的问题，在林业与本地和引进树皮甲虫的多次爆发。 第二阶段将为开发真菌生物杀虫剂奠定基础，以有效应对这一动态市场。

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project proposes to develop fungal bioinsecticides for control of bark beetles in forestry. Bark beetles are difficult to control. With a life cycle mostly under tree bark, exposure to insecticides is limited to the short period when adults search for new host trees. Control of mountain pine beetle (MPB), one of the most damaging species, is limited to persistent chemical insecticides and pheromone repellents. Health and environmental issues of chemical insecticides limit use; pheromones protect individual trees but do not kill beetles. Phase I discoveries of formulation, application methods, and persistence demonstrated the safe, environmentally benign fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana can compete in efficacy and cost against chemical insecticides. Natural biochemicals that inhibit boring and increase exposure to pathogen spores show promise for enhanced products. Phase II objectives are: 1) bring one fungal pathogen to commercial introduction; 2) develop improved fungal pathogen strains and/or boring deterrent; 3) isolate pathogen strains for other bark beetles. Field trials will provide the basis for use recommendations in MPB control. New fungal pathogens and continued development of boring deterrents will enable expanded MPB control strategies and development of products against other beetle species.The broader impact/commercial potential of this project, if successful, will be innovative biological approaches to address outbreaks of both native and introduced bark beetles. Outbreaks of unprecedented scale are being driven by climate change and global commerce. Bark beetle outbreaks are devastating forests and urban trees, and impacting timber value, urban land values, and esthetics of forested public land. Phase II will contribute to the understanding of fungal pathogen host range in different genera of bark beetles and in non-target insects. Using fungal or tree derived biochemical boring deterrents to increase fungal pathogen efficacy represents an important technical innovation for developing cost effective, more broadly useful, forestry bioinsecticides. The current MPB outbreak is devastating western forests. Phase II will provide a new tool for protecting trees from MPB attack in high value public recreation areas, private forest land, and urban landscaping. A safe and environmentally benign fungal bioinsecticide will enable new strategies for broader management of MPB. Bark beetles are a large, increasing problem in forestry with multiple outbreaks of native and introduced bark beetles. Phase II will establish the foundation for developing fungal bioinsecticides to effectively respond to this dynamic market.