Measuring the Release of Nanoparticles from Polymer Nanocomposites using Single Particle ICPMS and Field Flow Fractionation ICPMS

使用单颗粒 ICPMS 和场流分级 ICPMS 测量聚合物纳米复合材料中纳米颗粒的释放

• 批准号: 1336168
• 负责人: James Ranville
• 金额: $ 30.56万
• 依托单位: Colorado School of Mines
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1336168&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Measuring; Release; Nanoparticles; Polymer; Nanocomposites

1336168RanvilleOverview: This research proposal describes plans to study the release of nano-TiO2 and CNTs from polymer nanocomposites using highly sensitive quantitative analytical techniques. Most nanoparticles (NPs) will enter the environment initially as components of solid phase materials (i.e., nanoproducts). One of the most important types of nanoproducts are polymer nanocomposites that incorporate NPs such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nano-silver, or nano-scale metal oxides due to their ability to enhance polymer properties such as conductivity and load bearing capabilities. Indeed, polymer nanocomposites are already present in consumer products such as bicycles, anti-static parts for fuel lines, and packaging materials used in the electronic and food industries. Motivation for studying NP release from polymer nanocomposites is derived from two overriding considerations: (i) the paucity of information on the release of NPs from nanoproducts, despite the crucial role that NP release will play in determining the risk posed by NPs in the environment; and (ii) our initial results which indicate that NPs can indeed be released from polymer nanocomposites, and that NP release can be detected with single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICPMS).Intellectual Merit: The proposed research will transform our understanding of NP release from nanoproducts by identifying the factors that control the extent, nature, and rate of NP release. This will be accomplished by preparing and characterizing polymer nanocomposites containing nano-TiO2 or CNTs, where the identity of the matrix as well as the surface chemistry and NP loading will be varied. These well-defined composites will then be subjected to potential NP release scenarios and "accelerated aging" conditions that include photolysis, mechanical stress, thermal cycling and exposure to harsh oxidants. The concentration and nature of NPs released from the nanocomposites will then be evaluated. A major obstacle in conducting NP release studies is the need to measure extremely low (e.g. ng/L) concentrations of NPs. To overcome this obstacle, we will use spICPMS and field-flow fractionation (FFF-ICPMS) to determine particle size distributions and ng/L concentrations of nano-TiO2. Although detecting CNTs in spICPMS by measuring the carbon signal is ambiguous, the PIs have shown that embedded metal NPs can serve as proxies for CNTs. This approach allowed us to use spICPMS to detect CNT released from polymer nanocomposites. A key component of the work is to further improve spICPMS methodology for quantitative analysis of CNTs and to combine spICPMS and FFF-ICPMS to identify the physical form of released NPs.Broader Impacts: By integrating state-of-the-art detection capabilities into an experimental plan where well-defined polymer composites are exposed to potential release scenarios, we will be able to evaluate the effects of both nanocomposite composition and variable environmental conditions on the extent and rate of NP release. These data will enable us to identify release mechanisms as well as the polymer nanocomposite characteristics and the exposure conditions where NP release is most (and least) likely to occur. This new information will improve not only the accuracy of risk assessment and life cycle analysis models, but also inform the design of future nanoproducts that retain commercial value without contributing to adverse environmental health and safety effects. Analytical methods and experimental protocols developed will also provide a platform for researchers to examine NP release from other nanoproducts. Students who participate in this inherently interdisciplinary research project will acquire a unique skill set that incorporates elements of environmental science and engineering, materials chemistry, and analytical science, providing them with many career opportunities. Project results will be disseminated through presentations at national scientific meetings and local colleges as well as publications in peer-reviewed journals. The scientific impact of this project will be further enhanced by continuing to teach short courses on spICPMS applications at international meetings. The educational outreach will build on and expand our previous activities of involving undergraduates from 4-year colleges in research and in bringing in high school teachers for summer research programs. This project will also be used as a vehicle to incorporate concepts of nanoproduct use and impact into existing K-12 educational modules that we have developed and which have been used successfully in several Colorado high schools.

1336168RanvilleOverView：该研究建议描述了使用高度敏感的定量分析技术研究纳米-TIO2和CNT从聚合物纳米复合材料中释放的计划。大多数纳米颗粒（NP）最初将作为固相材料的组成部分（即纳米生产）进入环境。最重要的类型纳米药物之一是聚合物纳米复合材料，这些复合材料包括NP，例如碳纳米管（CNT），纳米丝或纳米级金属氧化物，因为它们具有增强聚合物性能（例如电导率和负载功能）的能力。实际上，消费产品（例如自行车，燃油管道的反静电零件以及电子和食品行业中使用的包装材料）已经存在聚合物纳米复合材料。从聚合物纳米复合材料中研究NP释放的动机源自两个重大考虑因素：（i）尽管NP释放在确定NP在环境中的风险方面起着至关重要的作用，但关于NP从纳米药物中释放的信息很少； （ii）我们的初始结果表明，NP确实可以从聚合物纳米复合材料中释放出来，并且可以用单个粒子电感耦合的血浆质谱法（SPICPMS）检测到NP释放。in Intlectual：Intlectual：Insped研究将通过控制NP释放NP释放的理解，通过控制NP释放，从而释放NP释放，从而释放该因素，并释放范围，并允许NAP，并降低了NADY，并降低了NAD的速度。这将通过准备和表征包含纳米-TIO2或CNT的聚合物纳米复合材料来完成，其中矩阵的身份以及表面化学和NP负载将有所不同。然后，这些定义明确的复合材料将受到潜在的NP释放场景和“加速衰老”条件，包括光解，机械应力，热循环和暴露于恶劣的氧化剂。然后将评估从纳米复合材料释放的NP的浓度和性质。进行NP释放研究的主要障碍是需要测量NP极低（例如Ng/L）浓度。为了克服这一障碍，我们将使用SPICPMS和场流分馏（FFF-ICPMS）来确定粒度分布和Ng/L纳米-TIO2的Ng/L浓度。尽管通过测量碳信号来检测SPICPMS中的CNT是模棱两可的，但PI表明嵌入式金属NP可以用作CNT的代理。这种方法使我们可以使用SPICPMS检测从聚合物纳米复合材料释放的CNT。这项工作的一个关键组成部分是进一步改善SPICPMS方法，以对CNT进行定量分析，并结合SPICPMS和FFF-ICPMS，以确定已发行的NPS.BOADER的影响：Boader的影响：通过将最新的检测能力整合到一个实验性的计划中，将其分为良好的释放组合，以评估各种效果，我们可以将nes rabort compotion compotion compotion compotion compotion compotion compotiations，我们将与我们的组成部分相结合，我们将可以将其组成。 NP释放范围和速率的环境条件。这些数据将使我们能够识别释放机制以及聚合物纳米复合材料特性以及NP释放最可能发生的暴露条件。这些新信息不仅会提高风险评估和生命周期分析模型的准确性，而且还将为未来的纳米生产物的设计提供信息，这些纳米量会保留商业价值而不会导致不利的环境健康和安全效应。开发的分析方法和实验方案还将为研究人员提供一个平台，以检查其他纳米药物的NP释放。参加这项固有的跨学科研究项目的学生将获得独特的技能，该技能融合了环境科学和工程，材料化学和分析科学的要素，从而为他们提供了许多职业机会。项目结果将通过在国家科学会议和当地大学的演讲以及同行评审期刊的出版物中传播。通过继续在国际会议上教授SPICPMS申请的简短课程，将进一步增强该项目的科学影响。教育宣传将基于和扩大我们以前的活动，涉及4年学院研究的大学生，并吸引高中教师参加夏季研究计划。该项目还将用作将纳米产品使用和影响概念纳入我们已经开发并在科罗拉多州几所高中成功使用的现有K-12教育模块中的概念。