Collaborative Research: CAS: Understanding Polymer Additive Release and Transformations in Aquatic Environments

合作研究：CAS：了解水生环境中聚合物添加剂的释放和转化

• 批准号: 2003400
• 负责人: James Ranville
• 金额: $ 24.74万
• 依托单位: Colorado School of Mines
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-15 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2003400&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; CAS; Understanding; Polymer

This award from the Environmental Chemical Sciences Program of the Division of Chemistry funds a collaborative project by Professor James Ranville at the Colorado School of Mines and Professor Howard Fairbrother at the University of Maryland. The team studies what happens to additives in plastics as the plastics slowly decay in the environment. Complex chemical compounds are added the during manufacturing of plastics to improve their properties, such as durability, color and texture. The chemical composition of these additives is very varied and can include small organic molecules as well as metal-containing organic compounds. The accumulation of plastic waste in aquatic environments is a highly visible problem of increasing global concern. When plastics are in contact with water or exposed to sunlight, the chemical additives are slowly released into the water. There they can undergo chemical transformation to form new compounds. Unfortunately, a number of additives and their transformation products have been found to pose a risk to the environment and to human health. Information from this study can help improve our understanding of the science to guide the design of new additives with reduced environmental impacts. The students involved in this research acquire skills in materials chemistry and environmental science. Students at the K-12 and university level participate in educational activities, such as hands-on experiences with end-of-life issues with plastics. The project aims to develop a molecular level understanding of how the chemical composition and physical characteristics of additives in polymers influence the release and subsequent photochemical transformations of additives in aqueous environments. These goals are accomplished by measuring additive release kinetics and sorption properties from a selected set of well characterized additive/polymer composites. This is complemented by measurements of phototransformation kinetics and transformation products using a suite of highly sensitive mass spectrometry techniques. Model organic and organometallic compounds are used to test hypotheses and develop structure activity relationships related to additive release and photochemical transformations. These models address the role of molecular level properties of additives, polymer-additive interactions, and changes in polymer surface properties in determining the behavior of additives in aqueous environments. The results can be extrapolated to a wide range of additive/polymer combinations relevant to plastic pollution in the aquatic environment.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项获得了化学系环境化学科学计划的奖项，该计划基金会由科罗拉多州矿业学院的詹姆斯·兰维尔（James Ranville）教授和马里兰大学的霍华德·费尔布罗斯（Howard Fairbrother）教授。 团队研究塑料中添加剂在环境中慢慢衰减时发生的添加剂。 添加了复杂的化合物在制造塑料期间以改善其性能，例如耐用性，颜色和质地。这些添加剂的化学成分非常多样化，可以包括小的有机分子以及含金属的有机化合物。在水生环境中塑料废物的积累是增加全球关注的一个高度可见的问题。 当塑料与水接触或暴露于阳光下时，化学添加剂会慢慢释放到水中。他们可以在那里进行化学转化以形成新化合物。不幸的是，已经发现许多添加剂及其转型产品对环境和人类健康构成风险。这项研究的信息可以帮助我们提高我们对科学的理解，以指导新添加剂的设计，并减少环境影响。参与这项研究的学生获得了材料化学和环境科学方面的技能。 K-12和大学一级的学生参加了教育活动，例如在塑料终止终止问题的实践经验。该项目的目的是对聚合物中添加剂的化学成分和物理特性如何影响分子水平，从而影响添加剂在水性环境中的释放和随后的光化学转化。这些目标是通过测量一组表征良好的添加剂/聚合物复合材料的添加剂释放动力学和吸附性能来实现的。使用高度敏感的质谱技术对光转化动力学和转化产物的测量来补充。 模型有机和有机金属化合物用于检验假设，并发展与添加剂释放和光化学转化有关的结构活动关系。这些模型介绍了添加剂的分子水平特性，聚合物 - 添加的相互作用以及聚合物表面特性的变化在确定添加剂在水性环境中的行为中的作用。可以将结果推算为水生环境中与塑料污染相关的广泛的添加剂/聚合物组合。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的评估评估标准的评估值得支持的。