Authors without Borders: Investigating International Authorship Norms Among Scientists and Engineers

dena Plemmons Sigma XI Scientific Research society本项目旨在解决科学论文中作者冲突的问题。作者冲突可能出现在任何合作中，无论是国内的还是国际的，但国际合作带来了独特的挑战。目前尚不清楚国际合作中的作者冲突是由于规范差异引起的，还是由于合作者错误地将个人越界解释为文化差异引起的。在美国进行的研究表明，对个人主义、所有权或团队责任的不同看法会影响合作，但这种差异尚未被系统地记录下来。特别是在作者身份方面，社会等级和送礼习俗被认为是文化差异的潜在来源。这种信息差距对科学家在负责任的研究行为方面的培训产生了影响。由圣地亚哥州立大学的德纳·普莱蒙斯（Dena Plemmons）领导的研究小组将在不同国籍和学科之间采用一致的小组讨论方法。将成立24个小型同行讨论小组。美国、中国、巴西和德国这四个国家以及神经心理学和工程学这两个学科将有代表参加。小型讨论小组和后续访谈将提供基础数据，以编制一项广泛分发的调查，其最终目标是编制国际作者伦理课程。这项研究将填补关于全球科学作者伦理的文献中的一个重要空白。该项目的包容性设计将为调查发展提供一个具有理论和实践价值的新数据集。它还将促进科学作者之间的透明度和培养专业精神。

EESE 13-38449Dena Plemmons Sigma XI Scientific Research SocietyThis project addresses the issue of authorship conflicts in scientific papers. Authorship conflicts may arise in any collaboration, domestic or international, but international collaborations pose unique challenges. It is unclear whether authorship conflicts in international collaborations arise due to normative differences, or due to individual transgressions that collaborators mistakenly interpret as cultural differences. Work done in the US suggests that differing perspectives on individualism, ownership or group responsibilities affect collaborations, but this variation has not been systematically documented. For authorship in particular, societal hierarchies and gifting practices have been indicated as potential sources of cultural differences. This information gap has implications for how scientists are trained in the responsible conduct of research. The research team, led by Dena Plemmons of San Diego State University, will deploy consistent discussion group methods across nationalities and disciplines. Twenty four small peer discussion groups will be formed. Four countries, the US, China, Brazil, and Germany, and two disciplines, neuropsychology and engineering will be represented. The small discussion groups and follow-up interviews will provide foundational data to develop a survey for wide distribution, with the ultimate goal of creating a curriculum for international authorship ethics.This research will fill an important gap in the literature on the ethics of global scientific authorship. The inclusive design of the project will provide a novel dataset of both theoretical and practical value for the survey development. It will also facilitate transparency and foster professionalism among scientific authors.