NEESR Planning/Collaborative Research: Toward Experimental Verification of Controllable Damping Strategies for Base Isolated Buildings

智能基础隔震是一种很有前途的减震技术，它用可控的耗能装置补充建筑物的传统基础隔震层，从而在一系列不同的地震中提供抗震保护。 这种缓解技术现在已经准备好进行全面的实验验证和确认：位于日本三木的日本国家地球科学与灾害预防研究所（NIED）电子防御振动台设施的日本合作者计划在2015年进行一项全尺寸的基础隔震建筑实验，在隔震层中设置可控阻尼器，以减轻损害和伤害，特别是对于强脉冲和长周期激励。本研究的目标是：（a）利用2015年日本试验的结果，对美国结构、隔震器和可控阻尼器的智能基础隔震进行大规模实验验证，并受到美国地面运动的影响，从而证明可控阻尼器在各种不同幅度和频谱的地面运动中提供的鲁棒性能，这种适应性是传统的被动隔震装置所不可能实现的;（B）加速实时混合仿真实验技术的创新，该技术将关键部件的联合收割机物理测试与其余结构的基于物理的计算模型仿真相结合，这将有助于减少未来对大规模地震工程实验的依赖;以及（c）通过国际合作、基准研究和项目研讨会，让研究人员共同研究可控基础隔震。 为了实现这些目标，本研究分为五个阶段：（1）在NIED E-Defense振动台上设计、建造和测试隔震结构的基线数值模型和小比例试验模型;（2）导出保证RTHS稳定性条件的解析和数值方法，以及充分发展计算技术，利用RTHS中物理成分的局部性质，为RTHS的大规模数值模型进行高效模拟;（3）参与E-Defense的2015可控阻尼基础隔震实验，与日本合作者合作开发合适的控制策略，并协助他们完成实验中的挑战性方面;（4）使用已经开发的模型和工具，以及来自康涅狄格大学RTHS的全尺寸E-Defense测试的经验和数据，以展示RTHS能力的进步;和（5）通过设计和发布基于电子防御和美国的受控隔离基准研究，吸引研究界的参与-设计的架构，并举办工作坊，就研究工具和未来路向，征询社会人士的意见。 全面的动态地震工程实验，虽然对推进地震保护至关重要，但受到少数有能力进行实验的设施和相关的高成本测试的限制。 这些大规模的地震工程实验可以利用更广泛的RTHS。 RTHS必须校准到全尺寸的结果，以确保准确性（和可信度），必须能够容纳，实时，大规模的计算模型，精确的响应计算复杂的结构，必须保证稳定和强大。 这项研究将使新技术的地震减灾和混合计算/实验工具，补充，并扩大适用性，大规模测试。 建筑技术将通过全尺寸物理和混合物理/虚拟实验来证明，可控阻尼装置可以在地震期间显著减少建筑物的运动和损坏，并通过利用日本合作者已经计划的实验来实现这一点。 此外，该项目将使计算工具能够支持这些用于现实大型建筑模型的网络物理实验，并确保结果准确。 除了与日本研究人员的合作外，使用校准到全尺寸实验结果的模型进行可控基础隔震基准研究的开发将吸引世界范围的研究人员，通过多种替代控制策略来扩大该项目的范围。 研究成果将被纳入南加州大学和康涅狄格大学的研究生和本科生课程。 将组建一个行业咨询小组，以确保实践工程师的知识为研究提供信息。 一个讲习班将确保将由此产生的工具转让给混合模拟界，以便其他人能够充分利用该项目的研究成果。该项目的数据将通过NEES数据库存档并向公众提供。 该奖项是国家减少地震灾害计划（NEHRP）的一部分。

Smart base isolation is a promising seismic mitigation technique that supplements a building's conventional base isolation layer with controllable energy dissipation devices that allow for seismic protection over a range of different earthquakes. This mitigation technique is now ready for full-scale experimental verification and validation: Japanese collaborators at the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) E-Defense shake table facility in Miki, Japan, are planning experiments in 2015 of a full-scale, base isolated building with controllable dampers in the isolation layer to mitigate damage and injury, particularly for strong impulsive and long-period excitation. The goals of this research are: (a) to leverage the results from these 2015 Japanese tests to allow for large-scale experimental verification of smart base isolation for U.S. structures, isolators and controllable dampers, and subjected to U.S. ground motions, thereby demonstrating the robust performance provided by controllable dampers in a wide array of ground motions with diverse magnitudes and spectra, as well as with damaged structures; such adaptability is impossible with conventional passive isolation devices; (b) to accelerate innovations in real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) experimental techniques, which combine physical testing of the critical components linked with physics-based computational model simulations of the remaining structure, and that can serve to reduce future reliance on large-scale earthquake engineering experiments; and (c) to engage a community of researchers to study controlled base isolation through international collaboration, a benchmark study, and a project workshop. To achieve these goals, this research has five phases: (1) design, build and test baseline numerical and small-scale experimental models of the isolated structure to be tested on the NIED E-Defense shake table; (2) derive analytical and numerical approaches to guarantee the conditions of stability of RTHS, as well as fully develop the computational techniques that exploit the localized nature of the physical components in RTHS for highly efficient simulation of large-scale numerical models for RTHS; (3) participate in E-Defense's 2015 controllable damping base isolation experiment, working with Japanese collaborators to develop suitable control strategies and assist with the challenging aspects of their experiment; (4) use the models and tools already developed, and the experience and data from the full-scale E-Defense tests, in RTHS at the University of Connecticut to demonstrate the advances in RTHS capabilities; and (5) engage the research community by designing and releasing a benchmark study in controlled isolation based on the E-Defense and U.S.-designed structures, and by a workshop to solicit community feedback about the tools and future directions of RTHS studies. Full-scale dynamic earthquake engineering experiments, while vital for advancing seismic protection, are limited by the few facilities with the capacity to conduct the experiments and by the associated high cost of testing. These large-scale earthquake engineering experiments can be leveraged with a wider array of RTHS. RTHS must be calibrated to the full-scale results to ensure accuracy (and credibility), must be capable of accommodating, in real-time, the large-scale computational models vital to precise response computation for complex structures, and must be guaranteed stable and robust. This research will enable new technologies for seismic hazard mitigation and hybrid computational/experimental tools that complement, and broaden the applicability of, large-scale testing. Building technology will be advanced by demonstrating, in full-scale physical and mixed physical/virtual experiments, that controllable damping devices can provide significant reductions in building motion and damage during earthquakes - and doing so by capitalizing on experiments already planned by Japanese collaborators. Further, the project will enable the computational tools to support these cyber-physical experiments for realistic large-scale building models and ensure that the results are accurate. Beyond the collaboration with Japanese researchers, the development of a controllable base isolation benchmark study using models calibrated to full-scale experimental results will engage a world-wide community of researchers to multiply the reach of this project through numerous alternate control strategies. The research results will be incorporated into graduate and undergraduate classes at the University of Southern California and the University of Connecticut. An industry advisory panel will be assembled to ensure that the knowledge of practicing engineers informs the research. A workshop will ensure the transfer of the resulting tools to the hybrid simulation community so that others can take full advantage of the research results from this project. Data from this project will be archived and made available to the public through the NEES data repository. This award is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP).