NEESR Planning/Collaborative Research: Toward Experimental Verification of Controllable Damping Strategies for Base Isolated Buildings

智能基础隔震是一种很有前途的减震技术，它用可控的能量耗散装置补充建筑物的传统基础隔震层，允许对一系列不同的地震进行抗震保护。这种减震技术现在已经准备好进行全面的实验验证和验证：位于日本三木的国家地球科学与灾害预防研究所(NIED)E-Defense振动台设施的日本合作者计划在2015年进行一座全尺寸的基础隔震建筑的实验，隔震层中有可控的阻尼器，以减轻破坏和伤害，特别是对于强脉冲和长周期激励。这项研究的目标是：(A)利用这些2015年日本测试的结果，允许对美国结构、隔振器和可控阻尼器的智能基础隔震进行大规模的实验验证，并受到美国地面运动的影响，从而展示可控阻尼器在各种不同幅度和频谱的地震动以及受损结构中所提供的稳健性能；这种适应性是传统被动隔震设备无法实现的；(B)加快实时混合模拟(RTHS)实验技术的创新，这种技术将对关键部件的物理测试与剩余结构的基于物理的计算模型模拟结合在一起，可有助于减少今后对大规模地震工程实验的依赖；以及(C)通过国际合作、基准研究和项目讲习班，让研究人员社区参与研究受控基础隔震。为了实现这些目标，本研究分为五个阶段：(1)设计、建立和测试在NIED E-Defense振动台上测试的隔震结构的基线数值和小规模实验模型；(2)推导保证RTHS稳定条件的解析和数值方法，以及充分开发利用RTHS中物理组件的局部化性质来高效模拟RTHS大型数值模型的计算技术；(3)参与E-Defense的2015年可控阻尼基础隔震实验，与日本合作者合作开发合适的控制策略，并协助他们的实验具有挑战性的方面；(4)利用已经开发的模型和工具，以及康涅狄格大学RTHS全面E-Defense测试的经验和数据，展示RTHS能力的进步；以及(5)通过设计和发布基于E-Defense和美国设计的结构的受控隔离基准研究，以及通过举办研讨会，征求社区对RTHS研究工具和未来方向的反馈，从而吸引研究界的参与。全面的动态地震工程实验虽然对推进抗震保护至关重要，但由于有能力进行实验的设施很少，而且相关的测试成本很高，因此受到限制。这些大规模的地震工程实验可以被更广泛的RTH所利用。RTHS必须校准到完整的结果，以确保准确性(和可信度)，必须能够实时适应对复杂结构的精确响应计算至关重要的大规模计算模型，并且必须保证稳定和健壮。这项研究将使减轻地震灾害的新技术和混合计算/实验工具成为补充，并扩大大规模测试的适用性。通过在全尺寸物理和混合物理/虚拟实验中展示可控减震装置可以显著减少地震期间建筑物的运动和破坏，并利用日本合作者已经计划的实验来实现这一点，建筑技术将得到提升。此外，该项目将使计算工具能够支持这些针对真实大型建筑模型的计算机物理实验，并确保结果准确。除了与日本研究人员的合作外，使用校准到全尺寸实验结果的模型来开发可控基础隔离基准研究将使世界各地的研究人员社区通过许多替代控制策略扩大该项目的覆盖范围。研究成果将被纳入南加州大学和康涅狄格大学的研究生和本科生课程。将组建一个行业咨询小组，以确保执业工程师的知识为研究提供信息。讲习班将确保将所产生的工具转移到混合模拟社区，以便其他人能够充分利用该项目的研究成果。该项目的数据将被存档，并通过NEES数据库向公众提供。该奖项是国家减少地震灾害计划(NEHRP)的一部分。

Smart base isolation is a promising seismic mitigation technique that supplements a building's conventional base isolation layer with controllable energy dissipation devices that allow for seismic protection over a range of different earthquakes. This mitigation technique is now ready for full-scale experimental verification and validation: Japanese collaborators at the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) E-Defense shake table facility in Miki, Japan, are planning experiments in 2015 of a full-scale, base isolated building with controllable dampers in the isolation layer to mitigate damage and injury, particularly for strong impulsive and long-period excitation. The goals of this research are: (a) to leverage the results from these 2015 Japanese tests to allow for large-scale experimental verification of smart base isolation for U.S. structures, isolators and controllable dampers, and subjected to U.S. ground motions, thereby demonstrating the robust performance provided by controllable dampers in a wide array of ground motions with diverse magnitudes and spectra, as well as with damaged structures; such adaptability is impossible with conventional passive isolation devices; (b) to accelerate innovations in real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) experimental techniques, which combine physical testing of the critical components linked with physics-based computational model simulations of the remaining structure, and that can serve to reduce future reliance on large-scale earthquake engineering experiments; and (c) to engage a community of researchers to study controlled base isolation through international collaboration, a benchmark study, and a project workshop. To achieve these goals, this research has five phases: (1) design, build and test baseline numerical and small-scale experimental models of the isolated structure to be tested on the NIED E-Defense shake table; (2) derive analytical and numerical approaches to guarantee the conditions of stability of RTHS, as well as fully develop the computational techniques that exploit the localized nature of the physical components in RTHS for highly efficient simulation of large-scale numerical models for RTHS; (3) participate in E-Defense's 2015 controllable damping base isolation experiment, working with Japanese collaborators to develop suitable control strategies and assist with the challenging aspects of their experiment; (4) use the models and tools already developed, and the experience and data from the full-scale E-Defense tests, in RTHS at the University of Connecticut to demonstrate the advances in RTHS capabilities; and (5) engage the research community by designing and releasing a benchmark study in controlled isolation based on the E-Defense and U.S.-designed structures, and by a workshop to solicit community feedback about the tools and future directions of RTHS studies. Full-scale dynamic earthquake engineering experiments, while vital for advancing seismic protection, are limited by the few facilities with the capacity to conduct the experiments and by the associated high cost of testing. These large-scale earthquake engineering experiments can be leveraged with a wider array of RTHS. RTHS must be calibrated to the full-scale results to ensure accuracy (and credibility), must be capable of accommodating, in real-time, the large-scale computational models vital to precise response computation for complex structures, and must be guaranteed stable and robust. This research will enable new technologies for seismic hazard mitigation and hybrid computational/experimental tools that complement, and broaden the applicability of, large-scale testing. Building technology will be advanced by demonstrating, in full-scale physical and mixed physical/virtual experiments, that controllable damping devices can provide significant reductions in building motion and damage during earthquakes - and doing so by capitalizing on experiments already planned by Japanese collaborators. Further, the project will enable the computational tools to support these cyber-physical experiments for realistic large-scale building models and ensure that the results are accurate. Beyond the collaboration with Japanese researchers, the development of a controllable base isolation benchmark study using models calibrated to full-scale experimental results will engage a world-wide community of researchers to multiply the reach of this project through numerous alternate control strategies. The research results will be incorporated into graduate and undergraduate classes at the University of Southern California and the University of Connecticut. An industry advisory panel will be assembled to ensure that the knowledge of practicing engineers informs the research. A workshop will ensure the transfer of the resulting tools to the hybrid simulation community so that others can take full advantage of the research results from this project. Data from this project will be archived and made available to the public through the NEES data repository. This award is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP).