Large Scale Molten Fuel Coolant Interaction Experiments: Explosion Initiation and Propagation

大规模熔融燃料冷却剂相互作用实验：爆炸引发和传播

• 批准号: 1347992
• 负责人: Ingo Sonder
• 金额: $ 29.35万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Buffalo
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1347992&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Large; Scale; Molten; Fuel; Coolant

1347992SonderThis grant supports development of an experimental capability to control influencing parameters and study the behavior of phreatomagmatic events. Specifically, the PIs will develop a significantly and, as of yet unexplored, up-scaled device for controlling and observing the behavior of triggered explosive phreatomagmatic volcanism by: 1) assembling and developing a tiltable furnace for melting natural igneous rock; 2) developing a 25-50 L insulated crucible into which the melt would be poured and through the base of which water can be injected at various isolated points throughout the melt to create a phreatomagmatic ?premix? in which a quasi-stable water vapor phase separates the liquid water from the melt; 3) developing a trigger system (e.g., an air gun directed into the crucible containing the premix or a hammer device) to induce breakdown of separating water vapor phase such that direct interaction of hot magma and liquid water causes rapid cooling and leads to explosive volcanism; and 4) instrumenting the crucible with observation methodologies to study the mechanical and dynamical behavior of the system (e.g., high-speed force transducers mounted on the bottom of the crucible to measure the vertical forces of explosion, thermocouples within the crucible to measure melt temperatures, high speed cameras to observe ejecta). The development of the device will involve consultation with scientists at Wurzburg University in Germany and engage a Ph.D. student in instrument system engineering and experimentation. Initial experiments will varying the pre-mix parameters (injected water geometry and volumes and preloading of water down the crucible supply ramp ? dynamic premix), testing differing triggering mechanisms and subsequent study of ejecta (e.g., grain size analysis, spatial distribution, textural and mineralogical study of ash minerals). Melt composition will be maintained as a constant for experiments. The explosive experiments will be carried out at an extant outdoor facility (the GeoHazards Field Station leased by SUNY-Buffalo that is already permitted for explosives. The proposed scale of the device represents the potential for a two order of magnitude increase in the volume of magma premix that has hitherto been experimentally controlled to study phreatomagmatism and presents an interesting mid-scale parameter space to study of phreatomagmatic behavior and the conditions that favor hazardous ash clouds and pyroclastic density current formation. This scale of experiment is far from the scale of natural systems, but should offer new insights into questions surrounding the nature of phreatomagmatism including: 1) what is the influence of many water domains entrapped in the melt on explosion intensity when they are homogeneously and inhomogeneously distributed? and 2) is there a minimum trigger energy necessary to start the explosion, or can a premix effectively explode by itself? Experimental results will feed into models that attempt to scale laboratory observations to natural system behavior.***

1347992sonderterthis赠款支持开发控制影响参数并研究phreatomagmatic事件的行为的实验能力。 具体而言，PIS将在尚未开发的，尚未探索的，上尺度的设备上，用于控制和观察触发的爆炸性派发性火山爆发的行为：1）组装和开发一种可倾斜的熔炉，以融化自然火岩的融化； 2）开发一个25-50 L的隔热坩埚，将熔体倒入其中，并通过在整个熔体的各个隔离点上注入哪个水的底部，以产生phreatomagmagatic？premix？其中准稳定的水蒸气将液态水与熔体分开； 3）开发一个触发系统（例如，将导向包含预混合物或锤子装置的坩埚中的气枪）诱导分离水蒸气相的分解，从而直接相互作用热岩浆和液体水会导致快速冷却并导致爆炸性火山爆发； 4）用观察方法来启动坩埚，以研究系统的机械和动力学行为（例如，安装在坩埚底部的高速力传感器，以测量爆炸的垂直力，在坩埚中的垂直力，在坩埚中，在坩埚中，以测量熔体温度，以测量高速摄像头，以观察驱虫）。 该设备的开发将涉及德国沃兹堡大学的科学家咨询，并参与博士学位。仪器系统工程和实验的学生。 最初的实验将改变混合前参数（注入水的几何形状和卷，并在坩埚供应坡道下对水进行预加载？动态预选），测试不同的触发机制，以及随后对喷射的研究（例如，晶粒尺寸分析，空间分布，文本和矿物学研究，对灰分市场的粒度分析，灰分研究）。 熔体成分将作为实验的常数保持。 The explosive experiments will be carried out at an extant outdoor facility (the GeoHazards Field Station leased by SUNY-Buffalo that is already permitted for explosives. The proposed scale of the device represents the potential for a two order of magnitude increase in the volume of magma premix that has hitherto been experimentally controlled to study phreatomagmatism and presents an interesting mid-scale parameter space to study of phreatomagmagmagication行为和有利于危险的灰云和火山碎屑密度的形成的条件远非自然系统的规模，但应为围绕phreatomagmatism的性质提供新的见解，包括：1）当许多水域在爆炸中的影响是什么？ 2）是否需要最小的触发能量来开始爆炸，或者预先爆炸可以自己有效地爆炸？ 实验结果将进一步为试图扩展实验室观察到自然系统行为的模型。***