CAREER: Illuminating the Impacts of Internet Censorship with Principled Network Measurements

互联网在设计时并没有考虑到信息控制，比如审查或监视。然而，它的重要性导致许多国家重新调整互联网协议(例如，域名系统(DNS)和边界网关协议(BGP))和网络管理产品(例如，Web代理、流量整形器)的用途，以进行信息控制。这种对网络技术的意外使用可能会导致审查制度的意外国际影响，并在将网络管理产品出口到使用这些产品侵犯人权的国家时引发许多伦理问题。为了应对这些挑战，该项目：(1)开发了一个平台，该平台能够对互联网审查进行可重复的测量，同时降低进行测量的个人的风险；(2)设计技术来分析来自该平台的数据，以检测不同类型的审查，甚至用于审查的特定网络管理产品；以及(3)使用该平台来量化对互联网产生意外国际影响的国家审查的实例。使用技术来限制言论自由和迫害全球各地的持不同政见者是一个人权问题。该项目提供高保真的技术数据，为政策讨论提供信息。此外，技术分析提供了对国家审查制度对互联网的全球影响的见解，以及对现有协议(例如DNSSEC、BGPSEC)的拟议改进如何缓解这些问题。

The Internet was not designed with information controls, such as censorship or surveillance, in mind. However, its importance has led many nations to repurpose Internet protocols (e.g., the Domain Name System (DNS) and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)), and network management products (e.g., Web proxies, traffic shapers) for information control. This unintended use of networking technologies can lead to unintended international impact of censorship, and raises many ethical issues when network management products are exported to countries that use them to violate human rights. To address these challenges, this project: (1) develops a platform which enables repeatable measurements of Internet censorship while mitigating risks to individuals performing the measurements, (2) designs techniques to analyze data from the platform to detect different types of censorship and even specific network management products used for censorship, and (3) uses the platform to quantify instances of national censorship which have unintended international impact on the Internet. The use of technology to restrict freedom of speech and persecute dissidents around the globe is a human rights concern. This project provides high fidelity technical data to inform policy discussions. Further, the technical analysis provides insights into the global impacts of national censorship on the Internet, and how proposed improvements to existing protocols (e.g., DNSSEC, BGPSEC) can mitigate these issues.