Electrochemical Microarray on Monolith Electrode: Exploratory Research

整体电极上的电化学微阵列：探索性研究

• 批准号: 1353125
• 负责人: Ravi Saraf
• 金额: $ 9.03万
• 依托单位: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1353125&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Electrochemical; Microarray; Monolith; Electrode; Exploratory

Technical descriptionMicroRNA are small 20-26 nucleotide (nt) long noncoding RNA that are effective biomarkers for a variety of diseases, including cancer, heart, obesity, and mental illness. During the last two decades, it has become evident that profiling 100s of microRNA (miRNA) molecules found in blood, urine, and tissue can lead to early diagnoses before clinical symptoms appear. Today, there is no inexpensive, reliable method for profiling microRNA that can be translated to a clinic setting. Microarray is an inexpensive technology but not reliable due to large background signal from nonspecific binding. The objective of this proposal is to explore a novel electrochemical method for profiling miRNA by measuring local redox reactions on a monolith electrode by simply scanning a laser beam over various microarray binding sites. The electrochemical (redox current) signal can potentially distinguish a perfect match between an immobilized probe and a target binding, and no redox occurs on nonspecific binding. The applied electric potential for the redox signal shifts when the binding has a single mismatch relative to a perfect binding case. The "active" biosensing based on the redox current has the potential to measure binding of target analyte molecules to immobilized probes at a sensitivity of 1 atto-moles. The electrochemical method to map local redox current density over an electrode by laser scanning is called "Scanning Electrometer for Electrical Double-layer" (SEED). Non-technical descriptionThis proposal will develop a new way to sense small pieces of nucleic acid chains that serve as biomarkers of multiple diseases including cancer. The proposal will enable detection of several different nucleic acid molecules simultaneously using electrical measurements. Importantly, instead of having to create individual electrodes for each biomarker, the authors will develop a way to detect all of the biomarkers for one electrode. This project will result in simpler, more powerful and informative way of analyzing biomarkers for human diseases.

MicroRNA是一种长度为20-26个核苷酸的非编码小RNA，是多种疾病的有效生物标志物，包括癌症、心脏病、肥胖症和精神疾病。在过去的二十年中，很明显，分析血液，尿液和组织中发现的100多个microRNA（miRNA）分子可以在临床症状出现之前进行早期诊断。今天，还没有一种廉价、可靠的方法来分析可以转化为临床环境的microRNA。微阵列是一种廉价的技术，但由于非特异性结合的背景信号大而不可靠。该提案的目的是探索一种新的电化学方法，通过简单地扫描激光束在各种微阵列结合位点上测量整料电极上的局部氧化还原反应来分析miRNA。电化学（氧化还原电流）信号可以潜在地区分固定化探针和靶结合之间的完美匹配，并且在非特异性结合上不发生氧化还原。当结合相对于完美结合情况具有单一错配时，氧化还原信号的施加电势发生偏移。基于氧化还原电流的“主动”生物传感具有以1阿摩尔的灵敏度测量目标分析物分子与固定化探针的结合的潜力。通过激光扫描来绘制电极上的局部氧化还原电流密度的电化学方法被称为“双电层扫描静电计”（SEED）。 这项提议将开发一种新的方法来检测核酸链的小片段，这些核酸链作为包括癌症在内的多种疾病的生物标志物。 该提案将能够使用电学测量同时检测几种不同的核酸分子。 重要的是，作者将开发一种方法来检测一个电极的所有生物标志物，而不是为每个生物标志物创建单独的电极。 该项目将为分析人类疾病的生物标志物提供更简单，更强大和信息量更大的方法。