Urban patterns

城市格局

• 批准号: 213968422
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Birgit Kleinschmit
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Landschaftsarchitektur und Umweltplanung (ILaUP)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/213968422?language=en
• 关键词: Urban; patterns

This project aims at modelling the interrelations of urban patterns and heat stress. Heat stress risk within a city is a function of urban climate, the vulnerability of city dwellers and the detailed physical urban structure. The building density, structure and form as well as the availability of green spaces influence heat storage in urban neighbourhoods in great measure as recent studies proof. Mitigation concepts by planning are starting to face heat stress risks currently. However, little is known about the effectiveness of those measures. Complex individual measures of adaptation to heat stress risks in form of behavioural change regarding housing decisions are barely understood and need to be addressed. RM 5.2 focuses on utilizing different model techniques to simulate the interaction of urban patterns, heat stress risk and measures of adaptation and mitigation on different spatial scales. (1) For the citywide model we combine system dynamics and cellular automaton to incorporate household dynamics, residential choice, land-use change and mitigation measures in terms of planning. Urban patterns are simulated to analyze shifts of heat stress probability. Further, we close the feedback describing effects on urban patterns and heat stress risks as a consequence of involved mitigation measures. (2) On the building scale an agent-based model is applied to learn from changing housing decisions due to complex individual interactions. Consequences on the spatial distribution are mapped and analyzed regarding spatial patterns and heat stress risk adaptation. The research results will provide insights in complex decision-making and system understanding. Simulations of future scenarios deliver directions of urban patterns as a consequence of mitigation of and adaptation to future heat stress risks and vice versa by what the effectiveness of mitigation and adaptation measures can be determined. By the combination of different model techniques a new methodological approach will be implemented.

该项目旨在模拟城市格局和热压力之间的相互关系。城市内的热应激风险是城市气候、城市居民的脆弱性和详细的城市物理结构的函数。最近的研究证明，建筑密度、结构和形式以及绿色空间的可用性在很大程度上影响着城市街区的储热。目前，通过规划缓解的概念开始面临热应力风险。然而，人们对这些措施的有效性知之甚少。以改变住房决定的行为为形式的适应热压力风险的复杂的个人措施几乎不为人所知，需要加以解决。RM 5.2侧重于利用不同的模型技术来模拟不同空间尺度上的城市格局、热应力风险以及适应和缓解措施之间的相互作用。(1)对于城市范围的模型，我们结合联合收割机系统动力学和元胞自动机，将家庭动态，住宅选择，土地利用变化和缓解措施的规划。模拟城市格局，分析热应力概率的变化。此外，我们关闭的反馈描述的影响城市模式和热应力风险的后果，涉及缓解措施。(2)在建筑规模上，应用基于代理的模型来学习由于复杂的个体交互而改变的住房决策。对空间分布的影响进行了映射和分析，关于空间格局和热应激风险适应。研究结果将为复杂决策和系统理解提供见解。未来情景的模拟提供了城市格局的方向，作为缓解和适应未来热应力风险的结果，反之亦然，缓解和适应措施的有效性可以确定。通过不同模型技术的结合，将实施一种新的方法。