Pseudocapacitive and Intercalation Compounds for Water Desalination: Surface Chemistry, Electrode Structure and Foulant Tolerance

用于海水淡化的赝电容和插层化合物：表面化学、电极结构和耐污性

• 批准号: 1403826
• 负责人: Meagan Mauter
• 金额: $ 34.52万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1403826&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Pseudocapacitive; Intercalation; Compounds; Water; Desalination

PROPOSAL NO.: 1403826PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Mauter, MeaganINSTITUTION NAME: Carnegie-Mellon UniversityTITLE: Pseudocapacitive and Intercalation Compounds for Water Desalination: Surface Chemistry, Electrode Structure and Foulant ToleranceNSF RECEIVE DATE: 10/29/2013With only 0.03% of the world's water is suitable potable water for human use, the need for clean water is a current concern that can only become more urgent in the future. While much of the attention has been on desalination of seawater into potable water, the ability to desalinate brackish/briny water (~0.5 to 30 ppt salt) efficiently would be a significant option for water reclamation. If successful, there should be positive economic and water-resource impact of desalination of brackish water, which affects most the in-land water desalination efforts in agricultural, municipal water, and wastewater treatment, where the high recovery rates of capacitive desalination processes are particularly attractive and where post-treatment, or brine disposal, makes low-recovery membrane-based systems expensive. In terms of educational impact, the PI and co-PI will develop an introductory course that focuses on water and energy, integrating engineering and social sociopolitical perspectives (both PI and co-PI hold joint appointments in the Department of Engineering and Public Policy). In addition, the PI and co-PI will incorporate the proposed research into teaching and outreach through participating in the Pittsburgh Water Economy Network and the NAS/NAE Science and Engineering Ambassador Program.Capacitive de-ionization (CDI), whereby charged species are captured by porous electrodes and then released into a waste stream, is a promising approach for desalination of brackish water; but the technology is limited by the low efficiency of the cation/anion removal cycle and by the tendency of the electrodes to foul. This proposal seeks to replace existing carbon electrode structures with new composite electrode structures that exhibit pseudo-capacitive and/or fast intercalation properties, where the materials quickly capture and release ions from weak faradic reactions. These electrodes will be able to access electrochemical reactions that are significantly denser, from a charge accumulation perspective, thereby allowing for thinner, more efficient electrode structures that are also less susceptible to diminished performance under fouled conditions. The PIs will first select viable candidate materials and evaluate their interfacial charge and ion transfer mechanisms in a relevant pseudocapacitive deionization (PDI) environment. They will then characterize the impact of PDI particle and electrode macro/meso-structures on the performance observed for PDI reactions, followed by evaluations of the performance of PDI surfaces in the presence of model colloidal foul ants, since electrode fouling by colloids and bacteria severely diminishes the ion adsorption capacity of conventional CDI electrodes.

提案编号：1403826 PRINCIPAL研究员：Mauter，Meagan研究机构名称：卡内基-梅隆大学TITLE：假电容和插层化合物用于水淡化：表面化学，电极结构和污垢容忍度NSF接收日期：10/29/2013世界上只有0.03%的水适合人类饮用，对清洁水的需求是当前一个只会在未来变得更加紧迫的问题。虽然人们的大部分注意力都放在将海水淡化成饮用水上，但有效地淡化苦咸水/咸水(约0.5至30ppt盐)的能力将是水回收的一个重要选择。如果成功，微咸水淡化应产生积极的经济和水资源影响，这将对农业、城市水和废水处理中的内陆水淡化努力产生最大影响，在这些领域，电容式海水淡化过程的高回收率特别有吸引力，而且后处理或盐水处理使低回收率的基于膜的系统变得昂贵。在教育影响方面，国际和平倡议和共同国际和平倡议将开发一门以水和能源为重点的入门课程，将工程学和社会政治观点结合起来(国际和平倡议和共同和平国际都在工程和公共政策系联合任命)。此外，PI和共同PI将通过参加匹兹堡水经济网络和NAS/NAE科学和工程大使计划，将拟议的研究纳入教学和推广活动。电容去电离(CDI)是一种很有前途的淡化苦咸水的方法，通过多孔电极捕获带电物种，然后释放到废水中；但该技术受到阳离子/负离子去除循环效率低和电极容易污染的限制。这一建议寻求用表现出伪电容和/或快速插层性质的新的复合电极结构来取代现有的碳电极结构，在这种结构中，材料可以快速捕获和释放来自弱法拉第反应的离子。从电荷积累的角度来看，这些电极将能够访问密度明显更高的电化学反应，从而允许更薄、更高效的电极结构，这些电极结构在污染条件下也不太容易受到性能下降的影响。PI将首先选择可行的候选材料，并在相关的伪电容去离子(PDI)环境中评估它们的界面电荷和离子转移机制。然后，他们将表征PDI颗粒和电极宏观/细观结构对观察到的PDI反应性能的影响，然后在存在模型胶体污垢的情况下评估PDI表面的性能，因为胶体和细菌对电极的污染严重降低了传统CDI电极的离子吸附能力。