CIF: Small: Theory, Methods and Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Interferometry Using Ultra-Narrowband Waveforms

CIF：小：使用超窄带波形的合成孔径干涉测量的理论、方法和算法

• 批准号: 1421496
• 负责人: Birsen Yazici
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1421496&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CIF; Small; Theory; Methods; Algorithms

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry is a unique sensor that can provide all-weather, day-and-night, high resolution information about Earth's dynamic processes on a global scale. This sensor is now an integral part of many disciplines with a wide range of applications including environmental remote sensing, geosciences and climate research, earthquake and volcanic research, 3D and 4D mapping of Earth's topography, ocean surface current monitoring, hazard and disaster monitoring, as well as defense and security related tasks. The trend in user requirements show an increasing demand for information content with the ultimate goal of global monitoring of Earth's surface and dynamic phenomena continuously. Ever-increasing demand on information requires higher bandwidth transmission, higher transmit power and consequently more complex and larger system design.This project develops a fundamentally new theory and subsequent methods and algorithms for synthetic aperture interferometry using ultra-narrowband continuous waveforms (UNB-CW). Unlike pulsed systems, UNB-CW systems are low-power, low-cost, robust, environmentally friendly, lightweight and suitable for low-payload platforms, such as micro-satellites. Central to our approach is an alternative imaging paradigm, which we refer to as Doppler-SAR imaging. Conventional SAR relies on wideband waveforms to image scatterers that lie on high resolution range contours. Doppler-SAR takes advantage of high Doppler resolution and images scatterers that lie on Doppler contours. The objective of this project is to establish the basic interferometric observable equations in the Doppler-SAR paradigm. The investigators study the interferometric phase relationships; the sensitivity to underlying parameters and topography; corresponding appropriate coherence relations; and study the effect of noise, clutter and ambiguities for the Doppler-SAR across-track interferometry.

合成孔径雷达（SAR）干涉测量是一种独特的传感器，可以提供全天候，昼夜，高分辨率的信息，在全球范围内的地球动态过程。这种传感器现在是许多学科的一个组成部分，具有广泛的应用，包括环境遥感，地球科学和气候研究，地震和火山研究，地球地形的3D和4D测绘，海洋表面电流监测，危险和灾害监测，以及国防和安全相关任务。用户需求的趋势表明，对信息内容的需求日益增加，最终目标是不断对地球表面和动态现象进行全球监测。随着信息需求的不断增长，需要更高的传输带宽、更高的发射功率，从而需要更复杂、更大的系统设计。本项目为使用超窄带连续波形（UNB-CW）的合成孔径干涉测量开发了一种全新的理论和方法和算法。与脉冲系统不同，UNB-CW系统具有低功耗、低成本、坚固、环保、重量轻的特点，适合微型卫星等低有效载荷平台。我们的方法的核心是另一种成像模式，我们称之为多普勒SAR成像。传统的合成孔径雷达依赖于宽带波形的图像散射体，躺在高分辨率的距离轮廓。多普勒合成孔径雷达利用高多普勒分辨率和成像散射体，躺在多普勒轮廓。本项目的目标是建立多普勒合成孔径雷达模式中的基本干涉观测方程。调查人员研究干涉相位关系;对基本参数和地形的敏感性;相应的适当相干关系;并研究噪声、杂波和模糊对多普勒合成孔径雷达跨轨道干涉测量的影响。