CIF: Small: Theory, Methods and Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Interferometry Using Ultra-Narrowband Waveforms

合成孔径雷达（SAR）干涉测量是一种独特的传感器，可以在全球范围内提供全天候、昼夜、高分辨率的地球动态过程信息。该传感器现在是许多学科的组成部分，具有广泛的应用，包括环境遥感，地球科学和气候研究，地震和火山研究，地球地形的3D和4D测绘，海洋表面流监测，危害和灾害监测，以及国防和安全相关任务。用户需求的趋势表明，对信息内容的需求日益增加，最终目标是对地球表面和动态现象进行持续的全球监测。人们对信息日益增长的需求要求更高的传输带宽、更高的传输功率，从而要求系统设计更复杂、更庞大。本项目为利用超窄带连续波形（UNB-CW）的合成孔径干涉测量提供了一个全新的理论和后续的方法和算法。与脉冲系统不同，UNB-CW系统具有低功耗、低成本、坚固耐用、环保、轻便、适用于小卫星等低载荷平台的特点。我们方法的核心是另一种成像范例，我们称之为多普勒- sar成像。传统的SAR依靠宽带波形对高分辨率距离轮廓上的散射体进行成像。多普勒sar利用高多普勒分辨率和位于多普勒轮廓上的图像散射体。本项目的目的是建立多普勒sar模式下的基本干涉观测方程。研究者研究了干涉相位关系；对底层参数和地形的敏感性；相应的适当的相干关系；研究了噪声、杂波和模糊度对多普勒- sar跨航迹干涉测量的影响。

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry is a unique sensor that can provide all-weather, day-and-night, high resolution information about Earth's dynamic processes on a global scale. This sensor is now an integral part of many disciplines with a wide range of applications including environmental remote sensing, geosciences and climate research, earthquake and volcanic research, 3D and 4D mapping of Earth's topography, ocean surface current monitoring, hazard and disaster monitoring, as well as defense and security related tasks. The trend in user requirements show an increasing demand for information content with the ultimate goal of global monitoring of Earth's surface and dynamic phenomena continuously. Ever-increasing demand on information requires higher bandwidth transmission, higher transmit power and consequently more complex and larger system design.This project develops a fundamentally new theory and subsequent methods and algorithms for synthetic aperture interferometry using ultra-narrowband continuous waveforms (UNB-CW). Unlike pulsed systems, UNB-CW systems are low-power, low-cost, robust, environmentally friendly, lightweight and suitable for low-payload platforms, such as micro-satellites. Central to our approach is an alternative imaging paradigm, which we refer to as Doppler-SAR imaging. Conventional SAR relies on wideband waveforms to image scatterers that lie on high resolution range contours. Doppler-SAR takes advantage of high Doppler resolution and images scatterers that lie on Doppler contours. The objective of this project is to establish the basic interferometric observable equations in the Doppler-SAR paradigm. The investigators study the interferometric phase relationships; the sensitivity to underlying parameters and topography; corresponding appropriate coherence relations; and study the effect of noise, clutter and ambiguities for the Doppler-SAR across-track interferometry.