CHS: Small: C3DaR - Collection, Creation, and Collaboration for Engineering Design and Reflection

创新现在被认为是经济增长和国际竞争力的关键。虽然原型设计、制造甚至工程工作通常都外包给国外市场，但设计仍然是该国的关键产出。因此，必须通过新的设计概念、方法和工具来提高设计人员，特别是工程设计人员的创新能力，以支持变革性和创造性的设计思维。该项目的目标是开发和测试一个用于早期设计的数字平台，称为C3DaR（工程设计和反射的收集，创建和协作）。C3DaR将通过应用计算机作为合作伙伴的范例来改变早期工程设计的创造性过程，在这种范例中，系统将成为设计师，工件和媒体之间合作关系的积极贡献者。作为该项目的一部分，进行的研究、教育和传播工作将极大地促进设计的范式转变，以改善我们的国家？早期的工程设计的特点是非正式的，非结构化的和高度协作的工作过程，涉及多个参与者，不同形式的代表性媒体和设计师和工件之间的大量互动。为了探索和评估支持设计的新方法，该项目包括三个研究流，对应于C3DaR中的3C。(i)集合包含了帮助设计师在创作过程的早期阶段收集材料的机制。建议的机制的例子包括网络浏览器集成收集灵感的材料，设计剪贴簿组成的内容到多媒体蒙太奇和组织和记录文本和层次的想法的图形化。(ii)创造包括帮助设计师制作和修改设计工件的技术。这些技术的示例包括文本和视觉提示以指导设计师的草图绘制过程，与朴素物理引擎集成以实现直观的草图到生活的设计方法，以及自动完成2D草图以实现快速内容创建。(iii)协作包括使多个设计师能够协调他们的共同努力，同时避免干扰并最大限度地提高生产力的机制。示例包括允许类似社交媒体的讨论、对设计工件的标记和投票、运动手势和注释，以促进表达动态行为和集成的视觉冲突解决技术来协调团队。这个项目的贡献是开发和测试一个全新的早期工程设计过程，这个过程是由数字媒体支撑的，并且与数字媒体紧密交织在一起。

Innovation is now recognized as critical to economic growth and international competitiveness. While prototyping, manufacturing and even engineering work are routinely outsourced to foreign markets, design remains a key output of the nation. It is therefore imperative to improve the innovative capacity of designers, particularly those in engineering, through new design concepts, methods and tools to support transformative and creative design thinking. The goal of this project is to develop and test a digital platform for early design called C3DaR (Collection, Creation and Collaboration for Engineering Design and Reflection). C3DaR will transform the creative process of early design for engineering by applying a computer-as-partner paradigm in which the system becomes as an active contributor to the partnership between designers, artifacts and media. The research, education and dissemination efforts conducted as part of this project will greatly facilitate a paradigm shift in design to improve our nation?s creative design capacity.Early design for engineering is characterized by informal, unstructured and heavily collaborative work processes involving multiple participants, disparate forms of representational media and a plethora of interactions between designers and artifacts. To explore and evaluate novel ways to support design, the project includes three research streams, corresponding to the 3 Cs in C3DaR. (i) Collection incorporates mechanisms to help designers gather materials in the early stages of the creative process. Examples of proposed mechanisms include web browser integration for collecting inspirational material, design scrapbooking for composing content into multimedia montages and diagramming for organizing and recording textual and hierarchical ideas. (ii) Creation encompasses techniques to help designers to make and modify design artifacts. Examples of such techniques include textual and visual prompting to guide the designer's sketching process, integration with a naive physics engine to enable an intuitive sketch-to-life design approach and auto-completion of 2D sketches to enable rapid content creation. (iii) Collaboration includes mechanisms to enable multiple designers to coordinate their combined efforts while avoiding interference and maximizing their productivity. Examples include allowing social-media-like discussion, tagging and voting for design artifacts, motion gestures and annotation to facilitate expressing dynamic behavior and integrated visual conflict resolution techniques to coordinate the team. The contribution of this project is to develop and test a radically new early design process for engineering that is scaffolded by, as well as closely intertwined with, digital media.