III: Small: Information Chain Support for Disaster Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Recovery

III：小型：减灾、备灾、响应和恢复的信息链支持

• 批准号: 1423002
• 负责人: Hui Fang
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: University of Delaware
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1423002&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: III; Small; Information; Chain; Support

When disasters strike, an urgent task for decision makers and the general public is to consolidate scattered, probably chaotic and incomplete information and then to plan the next step. The information needed to reach a decision or develop a policy is very likely not provided by a single document or a single piece of text, but resides in multiple sources. In other words, a document might be complemented or further elaborated upon by other documents, and all of them, only as a whole, provide a complete and satisfying answer. This project will create a new information chain of support for emergency management. InfoChain is expected to significantly improve the way policy/decision makers, disaster researchers and the general public search emergency-related information by automatically connecting the dots in information. All research results gleaned from this project will be disseminated to the research community through publications, tutorials and open-source software. Data collections will be available for other researchers to use in evaluating their own approaches. Today's search engines, or more general Information Retrieval (IR) systems are designed for simple information needs that can be satisfied by one document. Documents are ranked independently with regard to their relevance scores to a query. A single document is expected to cover all the query concepts. Unfortunately, this assumption offers little help for connecting different pieces of relevant information, which is crucial to emergency management. The key novelty of this project is the capability to search document tuples, a group of documents that collectively satisfy an information need. Tuple-based retrieval models and result organization that define collective relevance of a document tuple with respect to an information need will help users efficiently examine search results. The document tuple is a more natural and desirable retrieval unit for complicated information needs, and its incorporation into IR retrieval models for emergency management leaps over the single-document-oriented IR practices and is the first such effort. For further information see the project web site at: http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~hfang/infochain.html

当灾害发生时，决策者和公众的一项紧迫任务是整合分散、可能混乱和不完整的信息，然后规划下一步。达成一项决定或制定一项政策所需的信息很可能不是由一份文件或一段文字提供的，而是存在于多个来源中。换句话说，一份文件可能得到其他文件的补充或进一步阐述，所有这些文件只有作为一个整体才能提供完整和令人满意的答案。该项目将为应急管理建立一个新的信息支助链。InfoChain预计将通过自动连接信息中的点，大大改善政策/决策者、灾害研究人员和公众搜索紧急情况相关信息的方式。从该项目中收集的所有研究成果将通过出版物、教程和开放源码软件传播给研究界。数据收集将提供给其他研究人员，用于评估他们自己的方法。今天的搜索引擎，或更通用的信息检索（IR）系统是为一个文档就能满足的简单信息需求而设计的。文档根据其与查询的相关性分数独立地进行排名。单个文档应该涵盖所有查询概念。不幸的是，这种假设对于连接不同的相关信息几乎没有帮助，这对应急管理至关重要。该项目的主要新奇是搜索文档元组的能力，文档元组是一组共同满足信息需求的文档。基于元组的检索模型和定义文档元组与信息需求的集体相关性的结果组织将帮助用户有效地检查搜索结果。文档元组是一个更自然和理想的检索单元，为复杂的信息需求，其纳入应急管理的IR检索模型跨越了单文档为导向的IR实践，是第一次这样的努力。欲了解更多信息，请访问项目网站：http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~hfang/infochain.html