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Attentional lookups as a measure of reasoning and motivation

注意力查找作为推理和动机的衡量标准

基本信息

批准号：
1425062
负责人：
Isabelle Brocas
金额：
$ 49.9万
依托单位：
University of Southern California
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-09-01 至 2018-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1425062&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Attentional lookups measure reasoning motivation

项目摘要

Most of our everyday decisions involve interactions with others. Those decisions result from our intrinsic motivations and our ability to reason and develop strategies. However, motivations and reasoning cannot be directly observed and it is usually difficult to infer cognitive choice processes from behavior itself. As a result, little is known about how we make decisions in strategic settings. Even less is known about the developmental trajectories of strategic decision-making from childhood to adulthood or, more broadly, the ability to develop strategies with repeated exposure. The objective of this project is to use novel methods to reveal the information people attend to before making choices, as an indirect measure of what people care and reason about. We also propose to explore differences in reasoning and to assess how strategies are learnt by comparing both the choices and the information attended by children vs. adults and by inexperienced vs. experienced (e.g. professional) players.Many experiments have shown that people are typically limited in the extent to which they think strategically. Other experiments have demonstrated that decisions are not always driven by purely selfish motives. We propose to advance the understanding of the reasoning and motivations in strategic interactions by measuring both the information people attend to, and the choices they make. We will conduct three sets of experiments related to three environments in which anomalous behavior has been well documented (dynamic mutual trust games, dominance solvable games and dictatorial allocation mechanisms) and use a ?Mousetracking? technique to collect attentional data. By relating attention to choice, we will be able to better identify the theory that provides the best description of strategic decision-making in those environments. By comparing attention and behavior across populations, we will be able to assess how the ability to strategize develops and is learnt through exposure.

我们日常的大多数决定都涉及到与他人的互动。这些决定源于我们的内在动机以及我们推理和制定战略的能力。然而，动机和推理不能直接观察到，通常很难从行为本身推断认知选择过程。因此，人们对我们如何在战略环境中做出决策知之甚少。对于从童年到成年的战略决策的发展轨迹，或者更广泛地说，制定反复暴露的战略的能力，我们知道的更少。这个项目的目标是使用新的方法来揭示人们在做出选择之前所关注的信息，作为人们关心什么和原因的间接衡量标准。我们还建议探索推理中的差异，并通过比较儿童与成人以及缺乏经验和经验(例如专业)的玩家所关注的选择和信息来评估策略是如何学习的。许多实验表明，人们进行策略性思考的程度通常是有限的。其他实验表明，决策并不总是由纯粹的自私动机驱动的。我们建议通过衡量人们关注的信息和他们做出的选择来促进对战略互动中的推理和动机的理解。我们将针对三种异常行为已经被很好地记录下来的环境(动态互信博弈、支配可解博弈和独裁分配机制)进行三组实验，并使用？老鼠跟踪？收集注意力数据的技术。通过将注意力与选择联系起来，我们将能够更好地识别出对这些环境中的战略决策提供最佳描述的理论。通过比较不同人群的注意力和行为，我们将能够评估制定战略的能力是如何发展的，并通过暴露学习。