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Occupational Sex Segregation and its Consequences for the (Re-)Production of Gender Inequalities in the German Labour Market

职业性别隔离及其对德国劳动力市场性别不平等（再）产生的后果

基本信息

批准号：
215964625
负责人：
Professorin Dr. Corinna Kleinert
金额：
--
依托单位：
Arbeitsbereich Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung und Strukturanalyse
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Infrastructure Priority Programmes
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2011-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/215964625?language=en
关键词：
Occupational Sex Segregation its Consequences

项目摘要

In Germany, the occupational principle is particularly important for shaping the intersection between education and employment and for generating inequalities over the life course. In this project, we study its relevance for the (re-)production of gender inequalities in the labour market. In the first project phase, we described long-term trends of occupational sex segregation in Germany and analysed how the share of women in an occupation is causally related with other occupational characteristics, such as wage levels, shares of part-time work, and qualification structure. The findings of these analyses were then used to investigate how various occupational characteristics generate individual gender inequalities in career progressions. Thus, the first project phase focused on the importance of occupational sex segregation for non-monetary aspects of labour market inequalities between women and men. However, previous research has shown that the uneven distribution of women and men across occupations is particularly important for our understanding of the gender wage gap. Many studies indicate that a higher share of women in an occupation leads to lower monetary returns for both women and men working in this occupation. Yet it is far from clear why occupations dominated by women pay less. Is the mere proportion of women responsible for the gender wage gap, or are other occupational characteristics linked to female-typical occupations the decisive mechanisms? If this is true, how has the influence of different occupational characteristics on the gender wage gap changed throughout the last 30 years in Germany?To answer these questions, we explore in the second phase of our project how the gendered structure of occupations affects the wages of women and men and how this relationship changed since the mid-1970s in Germany. Theoretically, we distinguish three possible mechanisms: (1) the devaluation of job tasks typically considered female, (2) less demand for specialized skills in female-dominated occupations, and (3) higher potentials of occupational closure strategies in male-dominated occupations. The analyses will be based on unique new wage data on the individual level: The first three waves of NEPS Starting Cohort 6 data were linked with register data of the Institute for Employment Research (IAB). Thus they additionally contain rich longitudinal wage and firm information for the respondents. For modelling and decomposing the gender wage gap from 1976 until 2010, we will merge these data with the occupational panel data generated in the first phase of the project. In addition, we will enrich these data with newly generated indicators on occupational task profiles and social closure.

在德国，职业原则对于塑造教育和就业之间的交集以及在一生中造成不平等特别重要。在这个项目中，我们研究它与劳动力市场上(重新)产生的性别不平等的相关性。在第一个项目阶段，我们描述了德国职业性别隔离的长期趋势，并分析了女性在某一职业中的比例与其他职业特征(如工资水平、兼职比例和资格结构)之间的因果关系。这些分析的结果随后被用来调查各种职业特征如何在职业发展中造成个人性别不平等。因此，第一个项目阶段侧重于职业性别隔离对劳动力市场男女不平等的非金钱方面的重要性。然而，此前的研究表明，男女在不同职业中的分布不均，对我们理解性别工资差距尤为重要。许多研究表明，妇女在某一职业中所占的比例越高，在该职业中工作的妇女和男子的收入就越低。然而，目前还远不清楚为什么女性占主导地位的职业薪酬较低。造成性别工资差距的仅仅是妇女的比例，还是与女性典型职业有关的其他职业特征是决定性的机制？如果这是真的，在过去的30年里，不同的职业特征对德国性别工资差距的影响是如何变化的？为了回答这些问题，我们在项目的第二阶段探索了职业的性别结构如何影响女性和男性的工资，以及这种关系自20世纪70年代中期以来在德国发生了怎样的变化。理论上，我们区分了三种可能的机制：(1)通常被认为是女性的工作任务的贬值，(2)女性占主导地位的职业对专业技能的需求减少，(3)男性占主导地位的职业关闭策略的更高潜力。这些分析将基于个人一级独特的新工资数据：前三波非符合资格者开始的第六批数据与就业研究所(IAB)的登记数据有关。因此，它们还包含丰富的纵向工资和受访者的坚定信息。为了对1976年至2010年的性别工资差距进行建模和分解，我们将把这些数据与项目第一阶段产生的职业小组数据合并。此外，我们将用新产生的关于职业任务概况和社会封闭的指标来丰富这些数据。