MRI: Acquisition of a High-Density Microelectrode Array for Recording and Stimulating Hundreds of Neurons

MRI：获取用于记录和刺激数百个神经元的高密度微电极阵列

• 批准号: 1429500
• 负责人: John Beggs
• 金额: $ 9.16万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-01 至 2017-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1429500&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; Acquisition; Density; Microelectrode; Array

An award is made to Indiana University, Bloomington, to acquire a 512 micro-electrode array instrument (512MEA) for recording and stimulating electrical activity in samples of brain tissue. The 512MEA can be used to measure how groups of several hundred neurons send information back and forth to each other. The ability to map information transfer in networks of this size is expected to be very valuable. Many theories predict that information transfer will change in networks of hundreds of neurons after learning, after exposure to drugs of addiction or toxins, after seizures and after traumatic injury. Other theories predict that brain networks process information in a nearly optimal way, an idea that has remained largely untested. Use of the 512MEA is therefore expected to provide new knowledge relevant to understanding how learning occurs, how drug addiction begins, how poisons affect brain health, how epileptic seizures start, how the brain responds to injury, and how the brain optimizes information processing. Ultimately, this work could benefit society by helping to improve teaching and learning in schools, by helping in the treatment of epilepsy patients, people exposed to harmful substances, war veterans, and by suggesting new ways to design brain-like computers. To maximize the number of students and laboratories using this device, it will be rotated between the Department of Physics, the Department of Brain and Psychological Sciences, and the Medical School. The research and training opportunities that are opened by the 512MEA center on two topics of investigation: (1) emergent properties, and (2) information transfer. Emergent Properties: Many basic emergent properties of the brain like pattern recognition, associative memory, formation of cell assemblies, neuronal avalanches, synchronized pulses, and collective computations are predicted to arise first in populations of hundreds of interconnected neurons. Although most of these phenomena have been predicted for decades, they have remained largely unexplored for lack of proper instrumentation. The 512MEA would allow all of these topics to be researched in detail, many for the first time. Information transfer: It is almost completely unknown how information transfer differs in networks from naive animals and those that have learned; between networks exposed to neuro-active substances and those that have not; between developing networks and those that have matured. Because the 512MEA can record neural activity at millisecond resolution, it can identify which brain cell became active first in a chain of activity. This ability is crucial, as it will indicate the direction of influence between neurons. Optical methods of recording activity between hundreds of neurons often do not have this capability. The 512MEA can thus permit many of these topics to be researched for the first time.

授予布卢明顿印第安纳大学获得512个微电极阵列仪器（512MEA）的奖励，用于记录和刺激脑组织样品中的电活动。 512MEA可用于测量数百个神经元组如何相互来回发送信息。预计该大小网络中信息传输的能力将非常有价值。许多理论预测，在学习后，癫痫发作和创伤性损伤后，学习，暴露于成瘾或毒素药物后，信息传递将改变数百个神经元的网络。其他理论预测，大脑网络以几乎最佳的方式处理信息，这一想法在很大程度上未经测试。因此，预计512MEA的使用将提供与了解学习的发生方式，药物成瘾的开始方式，毒物如何影响大脑健康，癫痫发作的开始方式，大脑对损伤的反应以及大脑如何优化信息处理的新知识。最终，这项工作可以通过帮助改善学校的教学和学习，通过帮助治疗癫痫患者，暴露于有害物质，战争退伍军人以及建议设计类似大脑型计算机的新方法来帮助社会。为了最大化使用此设备的学生和实验室的数量，它将在物理部，大脑和心理科学系和医学院之间旋转。 512MEA中心开放的研究和培训机会就两个调查主题开放：（1）新兴属性和（2）信息传输。出现的特性：大脑的许多基本紧急特性，例如模式识别，联想记忆，细胞组件的形成，神经资冒瓦群，同步脉冲和集体计算，预计将首先在数百个相互连接的神经元种群中首次出现。尽管这些现象大多数已经预测了数十年，但由于缺乏适当的仪器，它们在很大程度上尚未探索。 512MEA将允许所有这些主题进行详细研究，这是第一次。信息传输：几乎完全未知信息转移在幼稚动物和学到的网络中的不同；在暴露于神经活动物质的网络与没有的网络之间；在开发网络和成熟的网络之间。由于512MEA可以以毫秒分辨率记录神经活动，因此可以识别哪个脑细胞在一系列活动链中首先发挥活性。这种能力至关重要，因为它将指示神经元之间的影响方向。数百个神经元之间记录活性的光学方法通常没有这种能力。因此，512MEA可以首次研究许多这些主题。