MRI: Acquisition of a High-density Electrophysiology Laboratory for Intercollegiate Research and Training in Cognitive Neuroscience

MRI：收购高密度电生理学实验室，用于认知神经科学的校际研究和培训

• 批准号: 1039791
• 负责人: Alan Hartley
• 金额: $ 41.1万
• 依托单位: Scripps College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-10-01 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1039791&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; Acquisition; density; Electrophysiology; Laboratory

This Major Research Instrumentation award permits Dr. Alan Hartley and four co-investigators to purchase high-resolution (256 channel, dense array) electroencephalography/ event related potential (EEG/ERP) instrumention to be shared by faculty and students across three undergraduate consortium colleges (Scripps, Pitzer and Claremont). These will be used to investigate the spatial and temporal dimensions of brain activity associated with human cognition in infants, young adults, and older adults in typical and atypical (e.g., autistic) populations. The participating researchers are all active researchers in the study of cognition and cognitive neuroscience. Five collaborative research projects are proposed. Project 1 will explore brain activations associated with carrying out two tasks at the same time, conditions under which it can/cannot be done, and age differences in performance and activation in dual-task situations. Project 2 will examine the neural correlates of risk propensity across the lifespan. Adolescents have been noted to have increased risk seeking propensity under certain conditions, in comparison to young adults and older adults. These changes have been linked to uneven development of different brain regions. This project will examine patterns of activation under different conditions of "hot" and "cold" decision-making. Project 3 will investigate the neural mechanisms of body-directed attention. The experiments employ variations on established visual paradigms to demonstrate how the body contributes to bottom-up sensory and top-down motivational influences on attentional control. Source-localized high-density EEG will allow characterization of the timing, amplitude, and distribution of individual and interactive effects. This research can be extended to examining failures of attention in older adults in important real-world situations such as walking or driving. Project 4 will explore temporal dynamics of neural systems for effective dyadic interaction, and examine the relations of these deficits to measures of naturalistic social behavior outside of the laboratory, in autism and older adults. Simultaneous, synchronized EEG data is recorded in real time as two individuals engage in joint action tasks. The resulting spatiotemporal patterns will be analyzed for group and individual differences in social cognition in autism and in older adults. The findings will add insight to the neural mechanisms of joint action and joint attention, and their relationship to social cognition outside of the laboratory. Project 5 will investigate a frequency-based EEG measure of attention in infants. It proposes to use steady state visually evoked potentials (SSVEP) as a potential index of attentional allocation in infants. These measures have advantages over behavioral gaze data because they record changes in processing without verbal or overt motor responses and are less prone to artifacts. If this measure is validated, it can be used to investigate gender differences in attention to objects and their mental manipulation (e.g., mental rotation). This research and training program will implement a vertical integration from faculty research to advanced student research to student training to the classroom. Faculty already trained in neuroimaging techniques will gain ready access to modern instrumentation currently not available on site, enabling the continuation of this work as well as fostering new research programs and research collaborations within departments and across colleges. The instrumentation will draw a diverse array of undergraduate students into the use of electrophysiological imaging methods and into careers in cognitive neuroscience.

这项主要研究仪器奖允许Alan Hartley博士和四位合作研究者购买高分辨率（256通道，密集阵列）脑电图/事件相关电位（EEG/ERP）仪器，供三所本科联盟学院（Scripps， Pitzer和Claremont）的教师和学生共享。这些将用于研究典型和非典型（如自闭症）人群中婴儿、年轻人和老年人与人类认知相关的大脑活动的空间和时间维度。与会的研究人员都是认知和认知神经科学领域的活跃研究人员。提出了5个合作研究项目。项目1将探索与同时执行两项任务相关的大脑激活，可以/不可以完成的条件，以及在双任务情况下表现和激活的年龄差异。项目2将检查整个生命周期中风险倾向的神经关联。人们注意到，与年轻人和老年人相比，青少年在某些条件下有更大的寻求风险的倾向。这些变化与大脑不同区域的不平衡发育有关。这个项目将研究在不同的“热”和“冷”决策条件下的激活模式。项目3将研究身体定向注意力的神经机制。实验采用不同的既定视觉范式来展示身体如何对注意力控制做出自下而上的感觉和自上而下的动机影响。源定位高密度脑电图将允许表征的时间，幅度，和分布的个人和相互作用的影响。这项研究可以扩展到检查老年人在重要的现实情况下的注意力缺失，比如走路或开车。项目4将探索有效二元互动的神经系统的时间动态，并检查这些缺陷与实验室外自闭症和老年人自然社会行为测量的关系。同时，同步的脑电图数据被实时记录下来，当两个个体参与联合动作任务时。由此产生的时空模式将分析自闭症患者和老年人社会认知的群体和个体差异。这一发现将有助于深入了解联合行动和联合注意的神经机制，以及它们与实验室之外的社会认知的关系。项目5将研究一种基于频率的婴儿注意力EEG测量方法。建议使用稳态视觉诱发电位（SSVEP）作为婴儿注意分配的潜在指标。这些测量方法比行为注视数据更有优势，因为它们记录了处理过程中的变化，没有语言或明显的运动反应，而且不容易产生伪影。如果这一测量得到验证，它可以用于调查对物体的注意力及其心理操作（例如，心理旋转）的性别差异。这项研究和培训计划将实现从教师研究到高级学生研究再到学生培训再到课堂的垂直整合。已经接受过神经成像技术培训的教师将可以随时使用目前现场无法使用的现代仪器，从而使这项工作得以继续，并在院系和学院之间促进新的研究项目和研究合作。该仪器将吸引各种各样的本科生使用电生理成像方法，并进入认知神经科学的职业生涯。