Cultural And Biological Approaches To Domestic Animal Management

家畜管理的文化和生物学方法

• 批准号: 1430823
• 负责人: Sarah McClure
• 金额: $ 27.96万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1430823&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Cultural; Biological; Approaches; Domestic; Animal

Researchers seek to understand how humans and animals adapt to changing environmental conditions and the roles they play in creating new environments. Archaeology is particularly well suited to provide relevant information on long-term environmental change and its effects on humans because it can identify the interplay between humans, animals, and landscapes over extended periods of time. Within this context this project will characterize the cultural, biological, and ecological impacts of the introduction of domesticated animals into Europe. The effects of small-scale introductions of domestic animals (sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs) into biodiverse regions are not well studied. This project focuses on the first directed and intentional animal introductions into the Balkans, a European Union biodiversity hotspot, ca. 8,000 years ago. By studying the effects of region's earliest farmers on local plant and animal communities, in particular their domestic animal management strategies, the investigators will establish baseline data on the environmental effects of deliberate mammal introductions as a comparative dataset for other regions. The results will help guide modern conservation efforts in regions that have witnessed decades, centuries, or millennia of herding activity, and will contribute relevant information to understanding the environmental and cultural impacts of domesticated animals in non-industrialized societies. This project will train undergraduate and graduate students in generating and using archaeological data to address important ecological questions and will expand the research capacities of multiple institutions. The ecological and cultural underpinnings of the introduction of domesticated animals to Europe ca. 8000 years ago are still poorly understood. This project focuses on biological and cultural markers of domestic animal management (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs) by studying animal bones, pottery, soil, and botanical (seeds and wood charcoal) samples from archaeological sites on the central Dalmatian coast of Croatia as a case study for this research. Data generated through this research include stable isotopic analyses, Bayesian radiocarbon chronologies, functional morphology, ceramic residue analyses, botanical studies, and animal population dynamics, and will provide multiple lines of evidence to characterize animal management practices during this period. Results will identify the role of milk in early farming; the antiquity of historically important patterns of animal transhumance and environmental degradation; and the relative fragility or resilience of local ecosystems. Multiple lines of evidence will characterize early European domesticated animal use and further our understanding of human-animal relationships and their impacts on local ecosystems in general. Results will be published in international publications and through lectures, presentations, and exhibits to public audiences in the US and Croatia.

研究人员试图了解人类和动物如何适应不断变化的环境条件，以及它们在创造新环境中所扮演的角色。考古学特别适合提供长期环境变化及其对人类影响的相关信息，因为它可以确定人类，动物和景观之间的相互作用。在此背景下，该项目将描述驯化动物引入欧洲的文化，生物和生态影响。小规模引进家畜（绵羊、山羊、牛和猪）到生物多样性地区的影响还没有得到很好的研究。该项目的重点是第一次有针对性和有意识的动物引进到巴尔干半岛，欧盟生物多样性热点，约。八千年前。通过研究该地区最早的农民对当地植物和动物群落的影响，特别是他们的家畜管理策略，研究人员将建立关于故意引入哺乳动物的环境影响的基线数据，作为其他地区的比较数据集。研究结果将有助于指导那些经历了数十年、数百年或数千年放牧活动的地区的现代保护工作，并将为了解非工业化社会中驯养动物的环境和文化影响提供相关信息。该项目将培训本科生和研究生生成和使用考古数据，以解决重要的生态问题，并将扩大多个机构的研究能力。驯化动物引入欧洲的生态和文化基础。对8000年前的情况了解甚少。该项目的重点是家畜管理（牛，绵羊，山羊，猪）的生物和文化标志，通过研究动物骨骼，陶器，土壤和植物（种子和木炭）样本从考古遗址在克罗地亚达尔马提亚中部海岸作为本研究的案例研究。通过这项研究产生的数据包括稳定同位素分析，贝叶斯放射性碳年代学，功能形态学，陶瓷残留物分析，植物学研究和动物种群动态，并将提供多条证据来表征这一时期的动物管理实践。研究结果将确定牛奶在早期农业中的作用;历史上重要的动物迁徙和环境退化模式的古老性;以及当地生态系统的相对脆弱性或复原力。多方面的证据将描述早期欧洲驯养动物的使用，并进一步了解人类与动物的关系及其对当地生态系统的影响。研究结果将发表在国际出版物上，并通过讲座，演讲和展览向美国和克罗地亚的公众观众展示。