Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Development Of Complex Fishing Technologies

博士论文改进奖：复杂捕捞技术的开发

• 批准号: 2113254
• 负责人: Sarah McClure
• 金额: $ 2.31万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-15 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2113254&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Award; Development

Among maritime hunter-gatherer-fishers around the world, the adaptation from subsistence strategies that emphasized shellfish collecting towards one which people were increasingly fishing marked a critical transition because it provided more food for society, supported semi-permanent habitation, and restructured sociopolitical organization. Previous scholarship has documented changes in human diet and settlement associated with the introduction of new fishing technologies. Less emphasis has been placed on understanding the circumstances that led people to shift strategies and develop the tools to access a greater number of marine resources. This doctoral dissertation project will investigate how indigenous people on the California Channel Islands adapted specialized fishing strategies that were supported by local marine ecosystems and how people innovated new technologies to target these resources. In doing so, they will address fundamental questions in anthropological archaeology such as why intensive subsistence economies emerge and how cultural innovations materialize in variable environments.This research is in collaboration with local indigenous stakeholders. An Advisory Board of Native community members was created to ensure that communication is transparent, research is ethical and to create opportunities for community input and participation at varying stages of the project. This research will utilize existing, unanalyzed museum collections from three archaeological sites to address how environmental conditions influenced the emergence of intensive fishing practices and the evolution of fishing technologies, such as the single-piece shell fishhook and sewn-plank canoes. The research focuses on indigenous populations from the California Channel Islands. Drawing from evolutionary theory, researchers will model human behavior and decision making based on habitat suitability. They use intertidal shellfish population density data and calculated area of wetlands as measures of habitat suitability. Researchers will analyze all faunal remains from the study sites. Additionally, they will submit select samples of artifacts and raw materials associated with the construction and maintenance of sewn-plank canoes for geochemical analysis. These data will determine the source of raw materials necessary for canoe construction and provide valuable insight to debates regarding the role of long-distance exchange and intensified resource acquisition in the development of sociopolitical complexity. Lastly, this study will demonstrate the tremendously valuable data available in unexplored museum collections.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在世界各地的海上狩猎-采集-渔民中，从强调贝类采集的生存策略向人们越来越多地捕捞的生存策略的适应标志着一个关键的转变，因为它为社会提供了更多的食物，支持了半永久性的居住，并重组了社会政治组织。以前的学术研究已经记录了与新捕鱼技术的引入有关的人类饮食和定居的变化。人们不太重视了解导致人们转变战略和开发工具以获取更多海洋资源的环境。这个博士论文项目将调查加利福尼亚海峡群岛上的土著居民如何适应当地海洋生态系统支持的专门捕鱼策略，以及人们如何创新新技术以瞄准这些资源。在此过程中，他们将解决人类学考古学中的基本问题，如为什么密集的自给经济出现，以及文化创新如何在可变环境中实现。这项研究是与当地土著利益相关者合作进行的。成立了一个由土著社区成员组成的咨询委员会，以确保沟通透明，研究合乎道德，并在项目的不同阶段为社区投入和参与创造机会。本研究将利用来自三个考古遗址的现有的、未经分析的博物馆藏品来解决环境条件如何影响集约捕鱼活动的出现和捕鱼技术的演变，如单片贝壳鱼钩和缝板独木舟。这项研究的重点是来自加利福尼亚海峡群岛的土著居民。从进化论出发，研究人员将根据栖息地的适宜性来模拟人类的行为和决策。他们使用潮间带贝类种群密度数据和计算的湿地面积作为栖息地适宜性的衡量标准。研究人员将分析研究地点的所有动物遗骸。此外，他们还将提交与建造和维护缝板独木舟有关的人工制品和原材料的精选样本，用于地球化学分析。这些数据将确定独木舟建造所需原材料的来源，并为有关长距离交换和加强资源获取在社会政治复杂性发展中的作用的辩论提供有价值的见解。最后，这项研究将展示在未开发的博物馆藏品中可获得的非常有价值的数据。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。