Collaborative Research: The Genomic Effects of Selection for Herbicide Resistance in Green Foxtail

绿尾草（又称绿狐尾草）是一种普遍存在的杂草，在过去500年间从欧亚大陆引入。它经常在耕地内和周围发现，农业杂草控制带来的广泛除草剂压力导致了抗除草剂基因型的发展。已经鉴定出病毒葡萄球菌对四种不同类型除草剂的抗性。在持续施用除草剂的情况下，携带抗性的基因组区域将受到强烈的选择，预计这将导致抗性位点和周围基因组区域的变异减少。该项目旨在比较全基因组水平上的遗传变异与三种抗除草剂基因及其周围存在的变异。为了实现这一目标，将从北美和加拿大收集绿芽孢杆菌，这些地区以前已经观察到除草剂抗性。来自世界各地的绿脓杆菌将从国家和国际种质资源库获得。这些植物将接受抗除草剂测试。包括高通量测序在内的尖端分子技术将用于分析遗传变异。该项目将为以下方面提供新的见解：世界范围内绿狐尾的多样性、北美引进绿狐尾的历史和起源、产生除草剂抗性的突变的本质、抗性如何在种群中传播以及强烈的定向选择对基因组进化的影响。该项目为培养本科生、研究生和博士后的独立研究能力提供了一个平台。此外，项目数据将被用作pi教授的研究生课程的实践教材。该项目还旨在为杂草科学家、种质管理员和对绿狐尾感兴趣的遗传学家之间提供联系。为了提高人们对不同群体研究兴趣的认识并促进合作，该项目将组织一次研讨会，讨论现有的绿狐尾鱼收集、这些种群的维护、基因组工具和共同目标。该项目产生的所有序列数据将通过GenBank公开提供。种质资源可从佐治亚大学和USDA-ARS种质资源信息网络（GRIN） （www.ars-grin.gov）获得。

PIs: Katrien M. Devos (University of Georgia) and Elizabeth A. Kellogg (University of Missouri - Saint Louis)CoPI: Jeffrey Bennetzen (University of Georgia)Setaria viridis or green foxtail is a ubiquitous weed that was introduced from Eurasia during the past 500 years. It is often found in and around cultivated fields and the extensive herbicide pressure imposed by agricultural weed control has led to the development of herbicide resistant genotypes. Resistance to four different types of herbicides has been identified in S. viridis. Under continued herbicide application, the genome region that carries the resistance will be under strong selection and this is expected to lead to reduced variation at the herbicide resistance locus and surrounding genome region. The project aims to compare the genetic variation at the whole genome level with the variation present in and around three herbicide resistance genes. To achieve this objective, S. viridis accessions will be collected from North America and Canada, where herbicide resistance has previously been observed. S. viridis accessions from around the world will be obtained from national and international germplasm repositories. The plants will be tested for herbicide resistance. Cutting edge molecular techniques, including high-throughput sequencing, will be used to analyze the genetic variation. The project will provide new insights into the diversity of green foxtail worldwide, the history and origin of green foxtail introductions into North America, the nature of the mutations that give rise to herbicide resistance, how the resistance spreads through populations and the effects of intense directional selection on genome evolution. The project provides a vehicle for training students at the undergraduate, graduate and post-doctoral level in independent research. In addition, the project data will be used as hands-on teaching materials in graduate courses taught by the PIs. The project also aims to provide a link between weed scientists, germplasm curators and geneticists with an interest in green foxtail. To raise awareness of the research interests of the different groups and to facilitate collaborations, the project will organize a workshop to discuss available green foxtail collections, maintenance of those stocks, genomic tools and common goals. All sequence data produced by this project will be made publicly available through GenBank. Germplasm can be obtained from the University of Georgia and the USDA-ARS Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (www.ars-grin.gov).